高速列车车轮踏面非圆磨耗机理

Generation Mechanism for Plolygonalization of Wheel Treads of High-Speed Trains

为揭示高速列车车轮踏面非圆磨耗的产生机理,控制高速列车车轮的非圆磨耗,基于高速列车在雨、雪条件下调速制动可能发生轮轨滑动的特点,建立了由轮对和钢轨组成的轮轨系统摩擦自激振动模型,使用该模型对轮轨系统进行了摩擦自激振动发生趋势的仿真分析.仿真结果表明,在轮对调速制动轮轨蠕滑力达到饱和(即滑动)状态下,轮轨系统容易发生摩擦自激振动,此摩擦自激振动能引起车轮非圆磨耗,并提出控制高速列车调速制动时的制动摩擦力使轮轨不发生滑动是抑制车轮非圆磨耗的主要措施,增大钢轨扣件垂向阻尼是控制高速列车车轮非圆磨耗的可行方法.

In order to understand the generation mechanism for plolygonalization of wheel treads of high-speed trains and to suppress the polygonal wear of wheel treads, a friction-induced self-excited vibration model for wheelset-traek system consisting of a wheelset and two rails was set up based on the fact that a wheel probably slips on a rail because of the saturated wheel-rail creep force when a speed- governing brake is applied in rain or snow. With this model, a numerical simulation on the occurrence propensity of the friction-induced self-excited vibration of the wheelset-traek system was made. The result shows that when wheels slip on rails in the braking process of trains, the friction-induced self- excited vibration of the wheelset-track system easily occurs. The vibration probably induces plolygonalization of wheel treads. Several factors affecting plolygonalization of wheel treads are analyzed. It is proposed that preventing the wheel from slipping on the rail is a key precaution to suppress plolygonalization of wheel treads. Increasing the damping of the rail fastener is helpful to suppress plolygonalization of wheel treads.