城市自导向胶轮电车技术特点与应用

Characteristics and Application of Urban Rubber-Tyred Self-Steering Trams

为了研究具有自导向功能的胶轮有轨电车在国内外的应用和发展情况,以具有代表性的法国Translohr胶轮导轨电车、重庆跨座式单轨、日本千叶市SAFEGE型悬挂式单轨车辆、法国胶轮地铁MP等为例,分析了车辆技术特点、走行部及相关研究现状.目前对自导向胶轮电车的研究主要集中在导向机理、动力学性能及导向结构创新上.与传统电车相比,自导向胶轮电车使用胶轮可大幅降低噪声,爬坡能力提高约50%,缩小曲线半径且占地空间小,可以节约城市用地和适应不同的城市地形,属于中等运量的交通工具.其研究和应用在我国尚处于起步阶段,进一步研究应集中在轮胎减轻磨耗、可靠高效的导向机构设计及相关设计使用标准制定上.重庆跨座式单轨及上海张江Transport电车运行经验表明,实现车辆系统关键零部件及控制系统的国产化是我国胶轮自导向电车能够得到持续发展的前提条件.

The application and development of urban rubber-tyred self-steering trams across the world are reviewed. Taking as examples the typical rubber-tired Translohr tram in France, the straddle monorail vehicle in Chongqing, China, the suspended monorail vehicle SAFEGE in Chiba, Japan and the rubber-tired metro MP in France, the technical characteristics, running gear and related research status of rubber-tyred vehicles are analyzed. Currently, researches on urban rubber-tyred trams are focused on the guide mechanism, dynamic performance and guide structure innovations. Compared with the traditional electric vehicles, urban rubber-tyred self-steering vehicles have the advantages of less noise, higher gradeability （ nearly a 50% increase） , smaller curving radius and smaller footprint ; and hence can save urban land use and increase the adaptability to different urban terrains, with a medium transport capacity. However, the research and application of urban rubber-tyred self-steering vehicles in China are still in the initial stage. Further research should be focused on mitigation of tyre wear, design of reliable and efficient guide structures, and formulation of relevant standards. Experiences of operating Translohr tram in Zhangjiang （Shanghai） and Straddle type monorail in Chongqing indicate that realization of domestic manufacturing of the vehicles＇ key components is the prerequisite for the sustainable development of rubber-tyred self-steering trams in China.