中俄政府环境责任比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Environmental Responsibility between the Two Governments of China and Russia

本文以"环境公共信托理论"作为政府环境责任的理论基础,认为环境资源应该是全体国民的"共享资源"和"共有财产",任何人都不能任意对其占有、支配和损害;从政府环境责任的主体范围、是否规定环境权以及是否区分第一性和第二性政府环境责任等三个方面比较了中俄两国有关法律中关于政府环境责任的异同并从中得到启发后认为,完善我国的政府环境责任应逐步扩大政府环境责任的主体范围,细化中央政府和地方政府的环境责任,明确公众和社会团体的环境权利,尽快从政府主导型向公众参与型的环境管理转型。

Taking the ＂environmental public trust theory＂ as the theoretical basis for government＇s environmental responsibility,this paper points out that environmental resources should be ＂shared resources＂ and ＂joint estate＂ possessed by all citizens,which cannot be arbitrarily processed,controlled or damaged.lt compares differences and similarities of rele- vant laws of China and Russia on the government＇s environmental responsibility and gets some inspirations from three aspects ：subjects of government＇s environmental responsibility,provisions of environmental rights and a distinction between the first and second government＇s environmental responsibility.Based on this comparison,it can be concluded that sub- jects of our government＇s environmental responsibility should be gradually expanded and environmental responsibilities of the central government and the local government should be refined in details ;environmental rights of the public and social groups should be explicitly stated and shift from a government-oriented environmental management to a public-par- ticipating one should be finished as soon as possible.