东寨港红树林夏冬季浮游动物的多样性

Diversity of Zooplankton of Mangrove Area in Dongzhai Harbor during Summer and Winter

浮游动物是生态系重要组成成分,也包括许多特色海洋药用生物幼体,研究东寨港红树林海区浮游动物多样性具有理论和经济价值。笔者利用2010年6月和12月份对东寨港水域浮游动物进行全海域共计25个站点的取样调查,并分析其群落结构和多样性的变化。结果表明:共发现浮游动物82种,隶属于6门14属,节肢动物门为主要类群(45种),12月份的浮游动物种类明显多于6月份的。2个季度共同优势种为微刺哲水蚤Canthocalanus pauper和汤氏长足水蚤Calanopia thompsonis。6月份的平均生物量、平均丰度分别为97.2 mg·m^(-3)和131 ind·L^(-1),12月份的分别为131.4 mg·m^(-3)和99 ind·L^(-1),其总生物量空间分布由优势种决定,2季都形成2个高值区,但浮游动物的总生物量季节性差异显著。多样性指数和均匀度指数皆为冬季(3.129和0.523)大于夏季(2.496和0.449),2个季节在分布格局、分布密度上明显不同。温度、盐度和红树林生境是影响东寨港浮游动物多样性分布的主要因素。

The zooplankton is an important part of ecosystem,including larvae of marine medicinal creatures. It is thus of theoretic and economic values to investigate the diversity of zooplankton in the waters of Dongzhai Harbor,Hainan,China. In June and December 2010,zooplankton in 25 sites of Dongzhai Harbor were sampled to analyze their changes in community structure and diversity. The investigation found 82 species of zooplankton,which belonged to six Phyla and 14 genera,of which Arthropoda was the main population（ 45 species）. The zooplankton species had a significantly greater number in December than in June,and the common dominant species were Canthocalanus pauper and Calanopia thompsonis in the two seasons. In June and December,the average biomass and average abundance were 97. 2 mg·m^（-3）and 131 ind·L^（-1）,131. 4 mg·m^（-3）and 99 ind·L^（-1）,respectively,and the spatial distribution of total biomass depended on dominant species. Two zones of high abundance were formed in each of the two seasons,but the total biomass of zooplankton had significant seasonal difference. The indexes of diversity and evenness were higher in winter（ 3. 129 and 0. 523） than in summer（ 2. 496 and 0. 449）,and the distribution pattern and density of zooplankton were obviously different in the two seasons. This indicates that temperature,salinity and the mangrove habitat be the main factors affecting the distribution of zooplankton in Dongzhai Harbor.