新石器时代农业驱动男性人口扩张

Agriculture Driving Male Expansion in Neolithic Time

农业的出现被认为驱动了大范围的群体人口增长.然而,来自母系线粒体基因组的遗传证据表明,主要的人群扩张开始于农业发生之前.因此,农业在最初的人群扩张中扮演的角色仍然存在争议.本文分析了来自千人基因组计划的全球分布的526个男性样本的Y染色体和线粒体基因组集合.发现大多数主要的父系扩张均可追溯至新石器时代.本研究估测的相应时间的有效群体大小,有力地证明了农业出现使得男性人口增长了10~100倍.在农业发生之前,男性因为从事狩猎而死亡率较高.农业的发生使得男性从狩猎的危险中解放出来,死亡率降低,从而在女性人口扩张之后男性人口也扩张了,造成了新石器时代人口扩张时间上的男女性别差异.

The emergence of agriculture is suggested to have driven extensive human population growth. However, genetic evidence from maternal mitochondrial genomes suggests major population expansions began before the emergence of agriculture. Therefore, the role of agriculture in initial population expansions remains controversial. Here, we analyzed a set of globally distributed whole Y chromosome and mitochondrial genomes of 526 male samples from 1000 Genome Project. We found that most major paternal lineage expansions coalesced in Neolithic Time. The estimated effective population sizes through time revealed strong evidence for 10- to 100-fold increase in population growth of males with the advent of agriculture. This sex-biased Neolithic expansion might result from the reduction in hunting-related mortality of males.