国家安全与公民隐私权的平衡:美国情报监听制度及其启示

The Balance between National Security and Citizens Privacy Right:the Intelligence Monitoring System of the U.S. and Its Enlightenment

[目的/意义]鉴于国家安全维护与公民基本权利保障的衡平,美国在侦查监听之外发展出极为完整的情报监听法制体系,其情报监听规制的经验对我国相关制度的构建有着重要借鉴意义。[方法/过程]通过考察美国情报监听法制的演进,分析美国情报监听制度的基本内容。[结果/结论]可以得出:在我国,构建情报监听制度是社会主义法治国家建设的内在要求,是提升情报收集能力和保障公民权利的逻辑结果。该制度的构建应区分情报监听与侦查监听,采单独立法模式,严格规定情报监听的实体要件和程序要件。

[Purpose / Significance]Based on the balance between national security maintenance and basic civil rights protection,the extremely complete legal system of intelligence monitoring had been established in the United States,its experiences are very valuable for regulation of the related system in China.[Method / Process]By inspecting the evolution of this legal system and analyse its basic content in the United States.[Result / Conclusion]We can conclude that building intelligence monitoring system is the inherent requirement of constructing rule of lawof socialist country,and is the logical result to improve intelligence collection ability and civil rights guarantee. To construct this system we should distinguish the intelligence monitoring and investigation monitoring,adopt separate legislation pattern,and strictly enact the entity requirements and program requirements.