麻豌豆麻色基因的遗传特性

Study on genetic characteristics of spotted gene in spotted colored pea

为了探明麻豌豆(Pisum sativum)种皮麻色(种皮具紫色斑点)的遗传特点,本研究以麻豌1号(种皮麻色、紫花、半无叶型)、中豌6号(种皮无麻点、白花、普通叶型)、90-PE-10(种皮无麻点、白花、半无叶型)为试验材料,分别设置了麻豌1号和中豌6号、麻豌1号和90-PE-10正反交组合,对杂交后代F_1和F_2种皮性状表现进行了观察和数据统计。结果表明,两个组合正反交F_1代植株所结种子均有麻点,F_2代种皮麻点性状出现分离,种皮有麻点∶种皮无麻点=3∶1,麻色对非麻色为显性,属于细胞核单基因遗传。在两对性状遗传试验中,种皮麻色、白花和种皮无麻点、紫花这两个重组类型均未在两个杂交组合的正反交F_2代中出现,紫花基因和麻色基因紧密连锁,有助于利用遗传标记对种皮颜色或花色进行选择。该麻色基因位于豌豆第1号染色体上,与分别定位于第3号和第5号染色体上的F和Fs麻点基因不相同。

In order to clarify genetic characteristics of seed coat color in spotted colored pea,three pea cultivars were used as experimental materials,i.e.Mawan1（spotted seed coat,purple flower and semi-leafless）,Zhongwan 6（no dots on seed coat,white flower and common leaf）and 90-PE-10（no dots on seed coat,white flower and semi-leafless）.Reciprocal cross combinations,i.e.Mawan 1 and Zhongwan 6,Mawan 1 and 90-PE-10 were set.Progenies of parents,F1 and F2 were observed under field condition and statistical analyses were undertaken to the obtained data.The results showed that F1 displayed spotted seed coat in the two reciprocal cross combinations,and the F2 progenies segregated in a 3∶1 ratio indicating monogenic inheritance.Spotted seed coat is dominant over the no dots on seed coat.In two pairs of relative characters experiments,two kinds of recombinants（spotted seed coat and white flower,no dots on seed coat and purple flower）were not found in F2 progenies in the two reciprocal cross combinations.The gene of spotted seed coat is tightly linked to the gene of purple flower.It is convenient to select for seed color or flower color using the genetic marker.The gene of spotted seed coat located on chromosome 1 in pea,is different fromFand Fs,spotted genes,located on chromosome 3 and chromosome 5 respectively.