二萜类化合物微生物转化研究进展

Research progress on microbial transformations of diterpenoids

二萜类(diterpenoids)化合物是一类含有20个碳原子的天然萜类成分,许多著名的药物分子如紫杉醇、穿心莲内酯、银杏内酯等均为二萜类化合物。由于该类化合物显著的生物和药理活性,已成为当今天然药物研究领域的热点。利用微生物转化(microbial transformation)这种高度区域性和立体选择性的结构修饰方法对二萜类化合物进行结构改造,已成为发现新型二萜类先导化合物的一种重要手段。本文就主要二萜类化合物(半日花烷型二萜、克罗烷型二萜、银杏内酯型二萜;松香烷型二萜、海松烷型二萜、紫杉烷型二萜;贝壳杉烷型二萜、贝叶烷型二萜;假白榄烷二萜、金钱松二萜)的微生物转化研究进行综述,为该类化合物在微生物转化体系下可能发生的化学反应类型、转化产物的结构多样性以及活性变化等提供科学参考。

Diterpenoids are important plant secondary metabolites,which contain 20 carbons. Many well-known drug molecules belong to diterpenoids,such as paclitaxel,andrographolides and ginkgolides. Diterpenoids are a research hotspot in natural product chemistry. Structural modification of diterpenoids by microbial transformations is an important approach for discovery of leading compounds of diterpenoids derivatives. This review article focuses on the microbial transformation of diterpenoids（ Labdanes,Clerodanes,Ginkgolides; Abietanes,Pimaranes,Taxanes; Kauranes,Beyeranes; Jatrophanes,Pseudolaricis,et al） including different reaction types,the structure diversity of biotransformed products,and their biological activity changes between substrates and products.