磺酰基在药物分子设计中的应用

Application of Sulfonyl in Drug Design

含磺酰基药物在临床治疗药物中占有相当比重,将磺酰基引入到小分子中是药物分子结构改造的重要策略之一,综述了磺酰基在药物分子设计中的应用.就结构而言,磺酰基和羰基、羧基、四氮唑、磷酸基具有相似的大小和电荷分布,可以作为它们的生物电子等排体而引入到小分子中,从而保持或增强小分子的生物活性;磺酰基具有独特的物理化学性质,磺酰基的引入可以调节小分子的溶解性和酸碱性;磺酰基能提供两个氢键受体,合理的引入磺酰基可以通过增加小分子和作用靶标的氢键相互作用而提高化合物的生物活性;磺酰基结构较稳定,引入磺酰基可以通过阻断易代谢位点而提高药物代谢稳定性,延长其作用时间,提高其生物利用度,从而改善小分子的药代动力学性质;磺酰基属于极性基团,磺酰基的引入还可以增加小分子的极性从而降低h ERG毒性.

Sulfonyl-containing compounds comprise a substantial proportion in the therapeutic drugs. It is an important strategy to introduce sulfonyl group into the small molecules for structure-based medicinal chemistry, the application of sulfonyl group in drug design is reviewed in this paper. Structurally, sulfonyl group has similar properties in molecular size and charge distribution with carbonyl, carboxyl, tetrazolium and phosphate group, so it can be introduced into the drug molecules as their bioisostere in order to remain or improve activity. Sulfonyl group possesses unique physicochemical properties, and the introduction of sulfonyl group can also modulate the solubility and acid-base property of the drug molecules. Sulfonyl group can offer two hydrogen-bond receptors, and reasonable introduction of sulfonyl group can enhance the binding affinity of the drug molecules with the targeted proteins to improve activity through hydrogen bond interactions. What＇s more, sulfonyl group is relatively stable in terms of structure, the introduction of sulfonyl group can increase the metabolic stability of drugs to prolong the duration of action by blocking metabolically labile sites, improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug molecules to elevate the bioavailability. Sulfonyl group belongs to polar groups, which can also increase the polarity of the drug molecules to diminish h ERG activity.