东亚文明圈中的日本思想、日本儒学——以18世纪末以降为中心

Japanese Thought and Confucianism in East Asia Civilized Region: since the End of 18th Century

位于东亚边缘区域的德川王朝,因其是武家占据绝对优势的政权,也没有采取科举制,故而受到儒教、朱子学的影响有限;相应地,也就容易导致国学以及后期水户学等民族主义的出现。同时,幕末期的尊王攘夷思想才是德川王朝思想发展的一个归结。此一思想占据了日本直至1945年的侵略意识形态的中心。确确实实,近代日本致力于富国强兵、文明开化,积极吸收西方的科学技术,但是,这是一种学习"西洋之术"以扩张日本的战略。因此,尊王攘夷思想不仅是指明治维新的思想,也是一种成为了与近代世界、西方世界对峙的民族主义的核心的思维样式。

In the outlying region of East Asia, Tokugawa Dynasty wasn＇t strongly influenced by Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism as it was a Bushido-dominated regime and did not adopt the imperial examination system,which, therefore, leaded to the rise of nationalism such as Kokugaku and Mitogaku. And the principle of honoring the emperor and expulsing foreigners in Bakumatsu period was one result of the thought development of Tokugawa Dynasty. Since then, this principle was the core of Japanese invasion ideology until 1945. Modern Japan was dedicated to strengthening the nation and army, becoming civilized, and actively assimilating western science and technology. However, this was a strategy of expanding Japan through emulation of ＂western civilization＂. So the principle of honoring the emperor and expulsing foreigners is not only the thought of Meiji Restoration, but also a core thinking pattern of nationalism in confrontation with modern world and western world.