宋代地方政府权力制衡机制研究

On the Mechanism of Power Balance of Local Government in the Song Dynasty

秦汉魏晋南北朝时期,地方政府缺乏有效的权力制衡机制,形成了以地方政府主官为首的利益集团,对中央集权体制构成了严重威胁。唐代中期以后的藩镇割据及五代的军将专权,更是造成了不断的政局动荡和贪腐之风的肆虐。宋代吸取前代教训,重视地方政府权力制衡机制的建构,在州县之上设置分权独立、互相制衡的路级行政机构,限制地方政府权力;提高地方监察机构的地位,加强对州县政府的监管;完善科举考试制度,规范地方官员的选任。宋代对地方政府权力的制衡措施,彻底结束了中国历史上地方坐大、有令不行的政治乱局,对于宋代政治稳定、廉政建设和经济发展发挥了重要作用。

Period of Southern and Northern Dynasties,the local governments＇ lack of effective checks and balances mechanism,the formation of the interest group,headed by local government chief to pose a serious threat for the centralized system. Later in the middle of the Tang Dynasty buffer region will authoritarian regime and the army of the five dynasties,but also caused the constant political unrest and rampant corruption. Song Dynasty draw lessons from the former generation,attach importance to the construction of checks and balances mechanism of local government. Above the state set up the separation of administrative agencies,independent and mutual checks and balances road level limit local administrative power; The advancement of local supervisory institutions and strengthen the supervision of state,the county government; To perfect the imperial examination system,standardize the selection of local officials. Song Dynasty of local government power checks and balances,thoroughly over a place to sit in the history of Chinese big,have no political turmoil,for Song Dynasty＇s political stability,to build a clean government and play an important role in economic development.