论金圣叹的“杜诗”诠释美学观

An Investigation of Jin Shengtan's Interpretative Aesthetics of Du Fu's poems

作为中国古代最著名的文学评点家,金圣叹在其所评诸书中不但多有立异标新、别开生面的诠释,而且提出了一些明确的诠释美学命题,尤其提出了"先生未必如此作,吾不可不如此读"的诠释美学观。在诠释杜诗时,他把其中所包含的意义关系从杜甫的世界转换到自己的世界,注入自己的主体性。金圣叹所使用的这种"断章取义"的解诗方法可谓一把"双刃剑"。其积极的一面,就是当其与"尚论古人"的一面相结合时,可以调动读者的主体性,实现作品意义增值的效果;其消极的一面也不容忽视,那就是容易与作品所表现的实际内容相脱离。总体而言,金圣叹的"杜诗"诠释美学观念富有创造性,得大于失。

Textual interpretation is an important objective of literature criticism. Jin Shengtan,the most famous literary critic in ancient China,not only had many creative interpretations in his critical works,but also raised some specific themes of interpretative aesthetics. In his criticism on Du Fu＇ s Poems,he expressed his interpretative aesthetic idea,such as the author may not mean like this,but I have to understand like this. Taking it as important components of Jin Shengtan＇ s interpretative aesthetics,this thesis attempts to explore its underlying causes,and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Jin Shengtan＇s Interpretative Aesthetics of Du Fu＇s poems.