10～11年生杨树品系抗杨干象水平及其与树干物理特性的关系

Relationship Between Resistance Level of 10- and 11-Year-Old Poplar Strains to Cryptorrhynchus lapathi L.( Coleoptera: Curculionidae). and the Physical Properties of Poplar Trunk

[目的]开展不同品系的杨树亲本来源、干部物理特性与抗性关系研究,为抗杨干象新品系的选育奠定一定基础。[方法]本研究连续2年研究了10个亲本51个不同杨树品系10 11年生杨树的被害株率、杨干象虫口密度与杨树木质部硬度、树皮硬度、树皮厚度、胸径等的关系。[结果]免疫品系、高抗虫品系、抗虫品系、感虫品系和高感虫品系木质部平均硬度分别为(47.38±1.71)HD、(46.07±1.17)HD、(44.64±1.61)HD、(41.84±1.66)HD、(40.73±2.04)HD;树皮平均硬度分别为(40±3.53)HD、(39.99±0.96)HD、(37.63±0.46)HD、(32.35±1.54)HD、(31.7±0.52)HD;平均胸径分别为(361.64±13.8)mm、(313.8±6.19)mm、(309.98±5.27)mm、(289.56±10.73)mm、(287.67±17.49)mm,亲本为美洲黑杨×青杨、马氏杨、美洲黑杨×马氏杨、小叶杨×胡杨的品系为抗虫品系;亲本欧洲黑杨×美洲黑杨、欧洲黑杨×小叶杨、美洲黑杨的多数品系为感虫品系。[结论]杨树木质部硬度与树皮硬度越大抗杨干象能力越强;胸径生长相对较快的品系抗性强;青杨、马氏杨、小叶杨为亲本抗虫性强,美洲黑杨、欧洲黑杨为亲本抗虫性差。在抗杨干象品系育种工作中应选择青杨、小青杨或甜杨做为亲本;避免以美洲黑杨或欧洲黑杨为亲本。

[Objective]To establish basis for breeding new poplar strains resisting to Osier weevil（ Cryptorrhynchus lapathi）,and to find out the relationship between the resistance level of poplar strains to Osier weevil and the physical properties of poplar trunks. [Method]The population density of Osier weevil on different poplar strains,the percentage of infested poplar strains,as well as the hardness of xylem and bark,thickness of bark,diameter at breast height（ DBH）,the parental origins of fifty one 10- to 11-year-old poplar strains were studied. [Result]The results showed that the average xylem hardness of strains immune to Osier weevil,the highly resistant strains,the resistant strains,the susceptible and the highly susceptible strains were（ 47. 38 ± 1. 71） HD,（ 46. 07 ± 1. 17）HD,（ 44. 64 ± 1. 61） HD,（ 41. 84 ± 1. 66） HD,and（ 40. 73 ± 2. 04） HD,respectively. The average bark hardness of strains immune to Osier weevil,the highly resistant strains,the resistant strains,the susceptible and the highly susceptible strains were（ 40 ± 3. 53） HD,（ 39. 99 ± 0. 96） HD,（ 37. 63 ± 0. 46） HD,（ 32. 35 ± 1. 54）HD,and（ 31. 7 ± 0. 52） HD,respectively. The average DBH of strains immune to Osier weevil,the highly resistant strains,the resistant strains,the susceptible and the highly susceptible strains were（ 361. 64 ± 13. 8） mm,（ 313. 8 ± 6. 19） mm,（ 309. 98 ± 5. 27） mm,（ 289. 56 ± 10. 73） mm,and（ 287. 67 ± 17. 49） mm,respectively.Most of the Populus deltoides × P. cathayana,P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii,and P. deltoides × P. suaveolens strains were resistant to Osier weevil,Most of the P. nigra × P. deltoides,P. nigra × P. simonii and P. deltoides strains were susceptible. [Conclusion]The harder the bark and xylem hardness of poplar strains,the higher their resistance level to Osier weevil. When the DBH is larger,its resistant ability might be higher. P. cathayana,P. simonii and P. maximowiczii strains were resistant to Osier weevil,while P. nigra and P. deltoides strains were susceptible. In the breeding of highly resistant strains to Osier weevil,P. cathayana,P. simonii and P. maximowiczii could be chosen as the parents,and P. deltoides,and P. nigra should not be chosen.