蒙古国“牧民工”城市化及其问题——基于乌兰巴托“蒙古包区”的实证研究

Study on the Urbanization of Mongolian State“Herdsman Workers”——Field Survey of“Ger Horool”in Ulan Bator

蒙古国社会转型以来,在新自由主义的影响之下,土地与畜牧的私有化使得牧民大量进城,并迅速变为"牧民工"。牧民城市化的快速发展带来一系列社会问题,政府采用实施迁移证制度、调整城市土地分配、推行"蒙古包区改造住宅计划"的办法进行应对,反而置"牧民工"于国家与市场双失灵的境地,使"牧民工"在城市面临居住、就业、社会服务保障等困境。新自由主义理论提倡减少行政干预,但在蒙古国"牧民工"城市化过程之中,市场主导的资源配置进一步强化了行政干预,从而使得新自由主义在理论与实践之间存在差异和冲突,并进一步加剧了"牧民工"的城市化问题。

Since the social transformation of Mongolia State,under the influence of new liberalism,massive of herdsmen enter the city because of privatization of grassland and livestock,and they quickly became＂Herdsman Workers＂.The rapid development of urbanization brings a series of social problems,the government took a series of measures to respond,such as migration card system,adjust the distribution of urban land,＂Ger Horool rebuild housing plan＂and so on.All of these put＂Herdsman Workers＂in difficult situation of the double failure of country and market,making ＂Herdsman Workers＂facing housing,employment and social services problems.Neoliberalism theory advocated to reduce administrative intervention,but in Mongolia State＂Herdsman Workers＂urbanization process,market-leading resources allocation further strengthen the administrative intervention,so as to make the Neoliberalism encounter differences and conflicts between theory and practice,and further aggravated the urbanization problem of＂Herdsman Workers＂.