网络数字阅读行为对阅读脑的改造及其对认知的影响

Digital Reading Behavior & Habit Can Affect“Reading Brain”and Cognitive Model of Reading

阅读是一个对于文字和语言的信息加工与反馈活动。阅读脑即指"阅读中的大脑"。在网络数字阅读过程中伴随阅读行为的持续改变,脑的神经结构会进行相应的调整与重塑,产生新的神经联接,形成新的神经回路。数字阅读过程中大量的网络检索、屏幕阅读和快速浏览等阅读行为,会导致阅读加工模式发生一定改变,产生碎片化知识加工和非线性协同思维模式。进而,对于认知产生影响,其主要表现可归纳为:(1)网络数字阅读增加了读者的认知负荷;(2)发展出一种快速浏览、降低记忆量和记忆强度的"浅阅读"形态,以降低认知成本;(3)对读者的元阅读能力提出了更高要求。网络数字阅读行为正在改变"阅读脑",导致读者逐渐从书本知识的耕耘者向网络知识的采集发现者转变。因此,培养读者的元阅读能力尤为重要,元阅读能力在网络数字阅读中是一个值得重点关注的领域,对于提升网络环境下读者的阅读理解效果具有深刻的影响。

Reading is an information processing and feedback activity about language and text. The reading brain refers to ＂the brain in the reading＂. With the changes in reading behavior and habit during digital reading, the neural structure of the brain will be also adjusted and remodeled, generating new neural connections, forming new neural circuits to fit the change of network digital reading behavior. And network retrieval, screen reading and fast browsing behavior in the process of digital reading may cause some changes in reading processing mode, such as fragmentation information processing and nonlinear collaborative thinking. And the great impacts on cognition, could be summarized in three main aspects：（1） increasing cognitive load;（2） reducing reader＇s cognitive costs, and developing new reading model similar to the ＂memory outsourcing to internet＂ mode;（3） putting forward higher requirements for the reader＇s meta-reading ability. Further, the ＂reading brain＂ is also changing, and role of reader is also changed from a knowledge cultivator to a hunter of information. So how to promote the reader＇s meta-reading ability is a key concern in the research area of internet digital reading. It has profound impact on reading comprehension performance in network environment.