南非种族隔离时期的教育制度与种族分层劳动力市场的形成

Apartheid Educational System and Racial Stratification in the Labour Market in South Africa

20世纪初期,南非白人在劳动力市场面临本地非洲人竞争,从成本最小化原则出发,资本家倾向于以廉价的非洲人取代白人工人,劳动力市场出现严重的白人失业问题。南非白人政府随之强化种族隔离的不平等教育制度,到70年代末凭借技能优势的白人确立了其在劳动力市场上的绝对优势地位。与此同时,尽管有一部分非洲人进入了白人空缺下来的技术和半技术岗位,但是大量缺乏相应教育和技术培训的非洲人陷入严重的结构性失业,南非劳动力市场呈现出不平等的种族主义分层。南非劳动力市场的种族分层的形成不是市场经济运行的自然结果,而是白人政府推行种族隔离教育制度的结果。

In order to minimize their costs, capitalists inclined to employ the Blacks rather than the Whites in the beginning of the 20th century, which resulted in a grave challenge to the white workers, many of whom lost their jobs. By an apartheid educational system of the white government, the Whites get absolute advantages in the labour market by their superior human resources in 1970s. As for the Africans, although some of them took up the technical and semi-technical posts left by the Whites, most of them are trapped in serious structural unemployment. Aracial stratification unfolds in the labour market in South Africa.