调解自愿如何可能?——基于结构理论视角的分析

The Mediation Voluntary is Possible?——Analyzing on the structure theory

调解自愿备受质疑,调解程序中不平衡的权力结构和不平等的威胁潜力是其根本原因。调解结构中法官的强势地位和债务人的优势地位来自于结构中规则和资源的不同配置。各方权利博弈、资源利用导致调解过程中债权人单方权利的不断妥协与让步。改变调解结构是克服调解"被自愿"的有效路径,体现为调审分离以克服法官强势的策略性行为,削弱债务人的优势地位,强化债权人对调解程序的构成性意义,从而实现调解程序的真正自愿,提升司法公信力。

The voluntary mediation is highly disputed. Imbalance of power structure and threat of potential inequality in the course of mediation are the root reasons. The judge＇s strong position and advantage of the debtor in the mediation structure come from different allocation of rules and resources in the mediation structure. The parties＂ rights game and resources using lead the rights of creditors to unilaterally constantly compromise and concessions of the mediation course. To change the mediation structure is the good method of of overcoming mediation involuntary. Specific measures embody that separation of mediation and judgment for overcoming strategic behavior of judges, weakening the dominant position of the debtor and strengthening creditor constructive significance of mediation program. The target is to achieve real voluntary of mediation program and promote the judicial credibihty.