赣东北不同施肥模式下晚稻剑叶的SPAD值变化及其与产量的关系

The Change of SPAD Value in Flag Leaf of Late Rice and Its Relationship with Yield in Different Fertilization Mode in Northeast Jiangxi Province

[目的]明确双季稻田晚稻季合理的施肥措施。[方法]分析CK、NPK、NPK+Ca、NPK+St、NPK+PM、NPK+Ca+St+PM处理下水稻剑叶特征、SPAD值和产量的变化规律以及不同时期SPAD值与产量的关系。[结果]不同处理间,NPK+Ca+St+PM处理的剑叶叶长和叶面积均表现出明显优势,与CK相比,NPK+St、NPK+PM、NPK+Ca+St+PM处理的剑叶叶长分别增加26.4%、23.8%和47.6%;叶面积分别提高48.1%、45.3%和72.3%。而NPK和NPK+Ca处理的剑叶叶长和叶面积与CK间无显著差异。各种施肥措施在抽穗期和齐穗期的SPAD值均高于不施肥处理,各处理SPAD值由高到低依次为NPK+Ca+St+PM、NPK+St、NPK+PM、NPK、NPK+Ca、CK。与CK相比,NPK、NPK+Ca、NPK+St、NPK+PM、NPK+Ca+St+PM的晚稻产量分别增加了15.6%、35.4%、47.9%、73.9%和86.5%。移栽后82、89和96 d的SPAD值与水稻产量存在显著的线性关系(P<0.05),其相关系数R2均在0.83左右。[结论]氮磷钾配施石灰、秸秆、猪粪可以显著增加水稻剑叶SPAD值和产量。水稻剑叶SPAD值可以用来表征产量变化,特别是灌浆中后期(82、89、96d)的剑叶SPAD值。

[Objective] The aim was to find reasonable fertilization measures in late rice season in double cropping rice field. [Method]Based on field experiment in red paddy soil,which include CK（ no fertilizer）,NPK（ nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers）,NPK ＋Ca（ nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with lime）,NPK ＋ St（ nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with straw）,NPK ＋PM（ nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with pig manure）,NPK ＋ Ca ＋ St ＋ PM（ nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with lime,straw and pig manure）. The characteristic of flag leaf,variation law of SPAD value and grain yield were analyzed in different treatments,then the relationship between SPAD value at different stages and grain yield was discussed. [Result] The results showed that： the length and area of flag leaf in NPK ＋ Ca ＋ St ＋ PM were highest in all treatments. Compared with CK,the flag leaf lengths of NPK ＋ St,NPK＋ PM and NPK ＋ Ca ＋ St ＋ PM were increased by 26. 4%,23. 8% and 47. 6%,respectively,and their flag leaf areas were improved by48. 1%,45. 3% and 72. 3%,respectively,but there was no difference among in NPK,NPK ＋ Ca and CK. SPAD values at heading and filling stages of N fertilizer treatments were higher than CK,they were showed that： NPK ＋ Ca ＋ St ＋ PM NPK ＋ PM,NPK ＋ St NPK ＋ Ca,NPK CK. However,the grain yield of late rice in NPK,NPK ＋ Ca,NPK ＋ St,NPK ＋ PM and NPK ＋ Ca ＋ St ＋ PM were more than CK by15. 6%,15. 6%,47. 9%,73. 9% and 86. 5%,respectively. Therefore,it was suggested that lime,straw,pig manure and inorganic fertilizer could increase significantly nitrogen content of flag leaf and improve grain yield of rice. Then,the relationship between SPAD value at different transplanting days and yield were analyzed,it was found that there was significant linear relationship（ P 0. 05） between the SPAD value at 82 days,89 days and 96 days after transplanting and grain yield,the correlation coefficient was about 0. 83. [Conclusion] Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with lime,straw,pig manure can significantly increase rice flag leaf SPAD value and yield. Rice flag leaf SPAD value can be used to characterize the yield variation,especially in the later stage of grain filling.