露采矿山生态恢复植被群落构建策略研究

Study on Opencast Mine Ecological Restoration Vegetation Community Construction Strategy

以舟山庆丰采石场为研究对象,对人工恢复坡体2010年及2015年2个时间节点植被以及周边自然坡体原生植被展开调查,分析各个阶段植被资源的差异,结果表明:与自然坡体植被资源相比,恢复10 a的人工坡体物种丰富度更高。比较不同时期群落结构变化,结果表明:不同时期群落结构均与最初设计群落有很大差别,与自然坡体群落结构相比,恢复5 a的人工坡体群落结构层次单一,可视为先锋群落,恢复10 a的群落结构层次更为复杂,稳定性高。总结10 a修复经验,提出植物群落构建策略,为今后矿山生态恢复提供参考。

Taking Qingfeng quarry in Zhoushan City as the study object,the artificial vegetation and surrounding natural native vegetation of artificial restoration slope were investigated in 2010 and 2015,the vegetation resources in different periods were also analyzed. The results showed that the decade artificial restoration slope has a higher species richness compared with the natural slope. Comparing the community structure changes in different periods,the results indicated the community structure in each period are very different from original designed community. What＇s more,when compared with the community structure of natural slope,the five years＇ restoration slope has simple community structure,which can be regarded as a pioneer community; when compared with the community structure of natural slope,the community structure of the decade artificial restoration slope is more complex and higher stability. Meanwhile,the restoration experiences in ten years were summarized,several plant communities building strategies were proposed,which can provide a reference for mine ecological restoration in the future.