近55年来黑龙江省冰雹气候特征分析

Analysis on the Climatic Characteristics of Hail in Recent 55 Years in Heilongjiang Province

利用1960~2014年黑龙江省80个气象观测站的降雹资料,采用统计分析方法,分析了降雹的时空变化特征。结果表明,黑龙江省冰雹集中出现在4月下旬~10月上旬,5月上旬~7月上旬和9月中旬冰雹发生最为频繁,降雹持续时间多在10 min以内,集中发生在白天时段;黑龙江省冰雹多发生在大、小兴安岭山麓、小兴安岭山脉迎风坡、松花江和兴凯湖沿岸;20世纪70年代以来,全省降雹呈现显著减少趋势;1991年为全省雹日变化的转折点,1991年以后全省站点降雹出现了不同程度的减少,以冰雹易发区降雹减少最多。为了更加科学有效地开展防雹作业,建议加强冰雹及灾情的收集工作,提高冰雹预报和预警指挥能力,积极开展防雹效果评估工作。

Using hail data from 80 stations in Heilongjiang Province during 1960- 2014,the characteristics of temporal- spatial variation of hails were analyzed by using statistical analysis method. The results showed that hail in Heilongjiang mainly appeared from late April to early October,and most frequently from early May to early July and mid- September. Most of hails last less than 10 minutes,and they concentrated in day- time. The hail- hazard- prone areas covered the Greater and Lesser Xing＇an Mountains,the windward slope of Lesser Xing＇an Mountains,along Songhuajiang River and Xingkaihu Lake. Hail day decreased since 1970 s remarkably. The inter- annual variation curve of hail- day in Heilongjiang Province turned at 1991,after which hail happened less than before,and they reduced most in hail- hazard- prone areas. In order to implement hail suppression operation more scientifically,we must enhance the collection works of hail hazards,improve hail forecasting skills and warn- directing ability,conduct joint operations and evaluate the effects of hail suppression.