4种药剂防治秋豇豆白粉虱效果研究

Study on the Effect of Four Pecticides on Controlling Autumn Cowpea Greenhouse Whitefly

为减轻豇豆白粉虱发生危害,减少化学农药用量、残留和环境污染,采用测报调查、随机区组设计和统计分析等方法,开展了化学农药呋虫胺、啶虫脒和吡蚜酮,生物农药阿维菌素防治豇豆温室白粉虱农药田间药效试验。结果表明:在温室大棚秋季豇豆白粉虱发生较重情况下,用1.8%阿维菌素乳油375 g/hm^2、20%呋虫胺可溶粉剂(护瑞)600 g/hm^2、5%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂600 g/hm^2、25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂600 g/hm^2(对照药剂),5~8 d施药1次,连续施用3次,药后7、14、20 d,防治效果分别达90.9%、97.0%、88.0%、93.9%,97.4%、92.1%、84.2%、89.5%和95.6%、86.7%、82.2%、84.5%,且药后7 d呋虫胺与阿维菌素和吡蚜酮,极显著高于啶虫脒,阿维菌素与啶虫脒和吡蚜酮之间差异不显著;药后14 d,阿维菌素与呋虫胺和吡蚜酮差异不显著,显著高于啶虫脒,呋虫胺与吡蚜酮差异不显著,显著高于啶虫脒;药后20d,阿维菌素极显著高于呋虫胺、啶虫脒和吡蚜酮,呋虫胺、啶虫脒和吡蚜酮之间差异不显著。同时,生物农药阿维菌素在药后7 d,防效稍低于化学农药呋虫胺,药后14 d,防效高于呋虫胺,药后20 d,防效极显著高于呋虫胺。这4种药剂尤其是生物农药阿维菌素不仅可以作为防治温室白粉虱的理想药剂,而且可以作为现代农业示范区、无公害农产品、绿色农产品和有机农产品的理想药剂。

In order to reduce the occurrence and damage of cowpea whitefly,decrease the chemical pesticide consumption,residue and environmental pollution ,the methods of forecasting,randomized block design and statistical analysis were used to the field efficacy trials ,which conducted of the control effect of cowpea anthraenose by using chemical pesticides dinotefuran,acetamiprid,pymetrozine,and bio-pesticide avermectin. The results showed that after applying 1.8% avermeetin EC 375 g/hm^2,20% dinotefuran SP 600 g/hm^2,5% acetamiprid WP 600 g/hm^2,and 25% pymetrozine WP 600 g/hm^2（ control pesticide）per 5-8 days period, and continuous applied 3 times during serious morbidity autumn in greenhouse, the control effects were all over 90.9%, 97.0%, 88.0%, 93.9% ; 97.4%, 92.1%, 84.2%, 89.5% ; and 95.6%, 86.7%, 82.2%, 84.5%, respectively, at 7,14 and 20 days after treatment. The control effects between avermectin, acetamiprid and pymetrozine were no significant differences,while avermectin and pymetrozine significantly higher than that of acetamiprid 7 days after treatment;the control effects between avermectin,dinotefuran and pymetrozine were no significant differences,while significantly higher than that of acetamiprid 14 days after treatment;the control effect of avermectin was significantly higher than that of dinotefurau, acetamiprid and pymetrozine 20 days after treatment. Meanwhile, the control effects of avermectin were slight lower, higher and much higher than that of dinotefuran 7,14,20 days after treatment.These results indicated that these four pesticides, especially bio-pesticide avermectin,were ideal pesticides ,which could not only be used for controlling cowpea whitefly,but also realize modern, green,organic and ecological agricultural production.