物理治疗师肌肉骨骼疾患及其影响因素的现况调查

Survey on the musculoskeletal disorder and its influencing factors among physiotherapists

目的:了解物理治疗师肌肉骨骼疾患(MSD)的现患率及分布情况,并探讨其影响因素。方法:采用经修改的北欧国家肌肉骨骼疾患标准问卷对广州市28家三甲医院的320名物理治疗师进行肌肉骨骼疾患的横断面流行病学调查。结果:物理治疗师MSD现患率最高的3个部位依次是颈部(73.6%)、下腰部(69.4%)、肩部(61.5%)。女性物理治疗师肩部MSD年现患率明显高于男性(P<0.01)。上背部和膝部MSD年现患率随年龄的增长而呈现增加的趋势(P<0.05,0.01)。颈、肩、髋臀和膝部MSD年现患率随工龄的增长而呈现增加的趋势(P<0.05,0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,养育子女、部门人员短缺、经常加班、搬运重物、长时间保持大幅度弯腰姿势、经常弯腰和转身等因素可增加下腰部MSD患病风险(P<0.05,0.01)。结论:物理治疗师MSD以颈痛、下腰痛和肩痛为主,性别、年龄、工龄、养育子女等个人因素,搬运重物、不良劳动姿势、反复性操作、生物力学应用不当等职业因素,以及人员短缺、经常加班、休息不足等组织管理因素是导致物理治疗师MSD的主要危险因素。

Objective： To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders （MSD） a- mong physiotherapists. Methods： A cross-sectional, and convenience sampled study was performed. Physiothera pists from 28 hospitals at grade three and first class in Guangzhou took part in this study. 320 structured question- naires were given to the target population to be completed by themselves. Results： MSD in these physiotherapists primarily located in neck （73. 6G）, low back （69. 4）, and shoulder （61. 5~）. Female physiotherapists＇ annual prevalence in shoulder MSD was higher than male （P〈O. 01）. The annual prevalence of MSD for each part tended to increase with age, mainly in upper back and knee （P〈0. 05 or P〈0.01）. The annual prevalence of MSD tended to increase with the working years, mainly in hip and knee （P〈0.05 or P〈0. 001）. Logistic regression showed that having kids, department staff shortages, work overtime, carrying heavy objects, long time significantly ben- ding, and often bending and turning could increase the annual prevalence of MSD in low back （P〈0. 05 or P〈 0.01）. Conclusions： The most serious MSD of physiotherapists were neck, low back and shoulder pain. Personal factors such as gender, age, working years and having kids, work load factors such as harmful working positions, manual heavy lifting, and labor organization factors such as department staff shortages, work overtime were the main risk factors of MSD to the physiotherapists.