气缸冲击动力学建模与仿真分析

Impact Dynamics Modeling and Simulation Analyses of Pneumatic Cylinders

将气缸在行程末端的冲击问题看成一个由细长活塞杆、质量负载、活塞以及端盖组成的振动系统。首先应用弹性体的一维波动方程建立细长活塞杆纵向振动变形的数学模型,用模态叠加方法解析了冲击力、接触位移以及接触时间。然后利用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA对气缸冲击过程进行数值仿真计算分析,详细研究了当驱动负载质量以及活塞初始冲击速度不同时,活塞冲击接触面接触合力和接触作用时间的变化情况。对比分析了理论解析解与LS-DYNA数值解,验证了解析解的准确性,得出了冲击力分别随速度和负载的变化规律;进一步对冲击振动响应进行了频率分析,并研究了气缸冲击力的变化原因。研究结果为气缸的设计和使用提供了理论和实际参考。

Impact of pneumatic cylinder at the stroke terminal was considered to be an integrated system of vibrations, including slender piston rod, mass load, piston and end cover.Based on one-di- mensional wave equation, a mathematical model of longitudinal vibration of slender piston rod was es- tablished firstly. Impact force,contact displacement and contact time were analyzed by means of mode superposition method.Then impact process of pneumatic cylinder was numerically simulated by non- linear FEM software LS-DYNA.The variation of impact interface force and contact time were studied in detail under different masses of driven load and impact velocities. Compared with numerical solution of LS-DYNA,the accuracy of analytical solution was verified, and how impact force varies as velocity and load was concluded. Vibration frequencies of impact response were furtherly analyzed, and reasons for the changes of impact forces were studied. Research conclusions provide reference for design and applications of pneumatic cylinders.