认真对待“互联网贸易自由”与“互联网规制”基于WTO协定的体系性考察

Taking Serious towards “Free Internet Trade” and “Internet Regulation” A Systematic Reflection from the WTO Agreement

"互联网自由"与"互联网规制"是信息时代的两项核心议题。在WTO框架下,互联网贸易自由包括信息技术产品贸易自由、服务贸易自由、网络分销媒介自由以及与贸易相关的信息自由。然而,互联网贸易自由并非绝对的。通过对非贸易关切的考量,WTO协定赋予成员方实施互联网规制措施的权力,其中包括国家安全例外、公共道德与公共秩序例外、个人数据保护例外。根据条约解释的方法,不同的例外条款具有不同的适用标准与条件。在从网络大国迈向网络强国的过程中,我国应明确互联网贸易自由的基本价值导向,以此推进"互联网+"战略;同时,作为一个负责任的大国,我国应以符合WTO协定的方式保护网络空间的国家利益、公共利益与个人利益。

The ＂Internet Freedom＂ and ＂Internet regulation＂ are two core legal issues in the informa- tion age. In the WTO framework, free Internet trade includes free trade in information technology prod- ucts, free trade in services, freedom of the media and free flow of trade--related data. Absolutely, free Internet trade is not unlimited. The WTO Agreement stipulates three types of non--trade concerns for domestic regulations, namely, national security exception, public morality and public order exceptions, personal data protection exception. It should be noted that different standards apply to different non-- trade concerns under their specific conditions. During the process to promote the ＂Internet ＋＂ strategy, China could draw on the concept of free Internet trade in the WTO Agreement. Furthermore, as a re- sponsible nation, China shall adopt the measures, which are pursuant to the WTO Agreement, to pro- tect the national security, public order and private interests in cyberspace.