ADHD儿童气质类型及相关因素分析

【摘要】目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的气质类型，了解与ADHD）L童气质的相关因素。方法采用中国学龄儿童气质量表（CSTS）测查115例6~12岁ADHD儿童及115例正常对照组，同时采用自制儿童生长发育调查表，内容包括儿童家庭情况、母亲妊娠期和围生期、儿童出生发育的既往史和现病史三大部分，由家长填写，分别对115例ADHD）L童及115例正常儿童进行评定。结果ADHD）L童气质维度9个因子分中8个高于对照组，在活动水平、坚持度、注意分散度、趋避性比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；而节律性、适应性、情绪本质、反应强度、反应阈等5个维度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。ADHD）L童气质类型以难养型为主，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（x2=6．9，P〈0．05）。单因素spearman相关分析，结果表明父母的职业、学历、父亲吸烟及嗜酒、母亲孕期疾病、精神创伤、看电视时间、家庭结构、居住面积及喂养方式与ADHD）L童的气质相关。结论ADHD）L童的气质特点，与家庭情况、母孕期及儿童生长发育中的不良因素相关。

Objective To study ADHD Children＇ s temperament types, to understang the related factors in children with ADHD temperament. Method The quality of school children gas China table were examined in 115 cases of ADHD children aged 6-12 and normal control group, at the same time use questionnaire for children growth, which includes children＇ s family, the mother＇ s status during pregnancy and perinatal period, the birth history and the current condition of the chidren, such questionnaire was filled by parents. Assessment were made in 115 cases of ADHD children and 115 normal children. Results 8 out of 9 factor of ADHD children temperament dimensions was higher than that of the control group, after the comparison in the there was significant differences in activity level, being adhere to have very significant difference degree of dispersion, paying attention to three aspects; but no significant differences between the 5 dimensions of rhythm, adaptability, emotional nature, the intensity of reaction, such as reaction threshold.ADHD children temperament types to difficult to raise type, which had a significant difference compared with the control group .Single factor correlation analysis, Results The parents＇ occupation, education, smoking and drinking of father, any pregnancy disease of mother, trauma, watch TV time, family structure, living area and feeding method and ADHD children＇ s temperament. Conclusion ADHD children＇s temperament characteristics were related to family condition, pregnancy condition and adverse effects during growing up.