从《龟策列传》看汉代的占卜观

On the Concept of Divination in Han dynasty from Biographies of Turtle Strategy

《龟策列传》是《史记》中专门反映先秦两汉数术内容的篇章,体现了汉人对先秦至汉武帝时期占卜观念的理解。从《龟策列传》可以看出,汉人的占卜观念主要表现为延续先秦筮龟占卜方法,但龟卜渐趋衰落,而筮占更为盛行,且占卜思维抽象化和象数结合的趋势更明显;此外,出现了龟卜与日占相融合,但相较而言,汉代更重视日占。

Biographies of Turtle Strategy was the chapter of Records of the Grand Historian which specially reflected the content of divination in the Pre-Qin and Han dynasty. It gave expression to the understanding of divination（ from Pre-Qin to Emperor Wu） of the Han people. It is observed that the concept of divination of Han people was the continuation of that of Pre-Qin period. However, tortoise shell divination gradually declined while mantic art became even more popular, and the trend of the combination of abstraction of the divination and the image-numerology was more obvious. Moreover, tortoise shell divination and choice of days were integrated, and choice of days was attached more importance in Han dynasty.