杀青等处理对云南昭通青花椒挥发性成分变化的影响

Effects of Fixation Treatment on the Changes of Essential Oil Components of Zanthoxylum armatum var. novemfolius in Zhaotong,Yunnan

对云南昭通几个地区的新鲜青花椒进行杀青、冻干等处理后,进行花椒精油量的测定,结果冻干花椒精油含量的损失最大,约13%,杀青处理对精油含量没什么影响;同时用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)顶空法对新鲜青花椒原料和不同处理的青花椒样品进行成分定量及定性分析和比较。结果经GC-MS分离并鉴定其挥发性成分(匹配度在80以上)约10种;5种主要成分为桧烯、β-月桂烯、D-柠檬烯、γ-萜品烯、芳樟醇;新鲜花椒中:芳樟醇73%以上;桧烯6%以上;D-柠檬烯5%以上。经蒸汽杀青后其成分含量排序基本没变,但芳樟醇略有提高,而桧烯和D-柠檬烯略有下降;经冻干和晾干后其精油成分中桧烯和D-柠檬烯比例提高至30%左右,而芳樟醇含量下降至30%左右。

The fresh prickly ash from Zhaotong of Yunnan was treated by fixation and freeze- dry techniques,the determination results of the Chinese prickly ash essential oil decreased by 13% for the freeze- dried prickly ash and did not dropped for the fixated prickly ash. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of prickly ash dealed with different methods and fresh prickly ash by headspace GC- MS,we have isolated and identificated more than 10 kinds of volatile components（ match degree was more than 80%）. The five kinds of main components are sabinene,β- myrcene,d- Limonene,γ- terpinene and linalool. The linalool content is more than 73% and the sabinene content is more than 6%. Dealed with steam- fixation,the linalool content increased slightly and the content of sabinene and d- Limonene decreased slightly. Dealed with freeze- dry and airing,the linalool content decreased to 30% and the content of sabinene and d- Limonene increased to 30%.