青藏高寒农牧区被动式太阳能暖房热性能数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Performance of Passive Solar House in the Qinghai Alpine Pastoral Areas

青藏高寒农牧区海拔较高,气候寒冷,冬季较长,日夜温差大。采用传统的供暖方式,如煤或牛粪生物质燃料的煤炉,不能有效的解决当地冬季室内环境热舒适等相关问题。此区域的优势是太阳能资源非常丰富,采用被动式太阳能暖房解决冬季供暖问题是一种有效的技术路线。本文以青海省海东市互助县哈拉直沟乡新添堡村一所新建居住建筑为研究对象,采用IES-VE数值模拟和现场调查,研究了此建筑东房(附加集热墙和太阳能炕)、西房,中房(中左,中间,中右)以及阳光间供暖季6种房间室内环境逐时变化温度,同时对比研究了1月16日(晴天)和1月22日(阴天)典型日,六种房间逐时温度分布特性。研究结果表明晴天全天不同时刻东房室内环境温度明显高于西房和中房,与西房室内最大温差达近11℃,阳光间的昼夜温差最大,最高温差高达30℃左右;阴天东房与其他各房间的温差有所减小,但其室内环境温度也明显高于其他房间,最大温差高达近8℃,阴天其余房间温差相差不大,最高温差不超过3℃,温度普遍偏低。

Due to higher elevation,cold climate,long winter and large temperature difference between day and night,in agricultural and pastoral areas of alpine regions of Qinghai Province,traditional heating means can＇t solve the problems relate to local indoor thermal comfort in winter. However,these regions have rich solar energies,passive solar heating houses may be an effective technical solutions to these problems. The research object in this paper is new rural residential buildings in Haidong,Qinghai province. Numerical simulation and field investigation were adopted to study indoor hourly temperature change in heating seasons of six kinds of rooms： East Room（ equipped heat collecting wall and solar kang）,West Room,Middle Room（ left,middle,right） and Sunroom. Meanwhile,comparing characteristics of hourly temperature changes of the six kinds of rooms on two typical days： January 16（ fine day） and January 22（ cloudy day）. The results show that indoor temperatures at different times throughout the day in East Room are obviously higher than they are in West Room and Middle Room. In fine day,the largest temperature difference between East Room and West Room is up to 11 ℃. The temperature difference between day and night in Sunroom is the highest among the six rooms which is up to 30 ℃. In cloudy day,the temperature differences are smaller between East Room and other rooms. Even so,the indoor temperatures in East Room are higher than other rooms and the highest temperature difference is up to nearly 8 ℃. The temperature in other rooms are relative lower and show little difference than that in the East room in the cloudy day,no more than 3 ℃.