云南省水利血防沟道治理工程灭螺效果评价

Effect evaluation of water conservancy project with ditches managed against Oncomelania hupensis in Yunnan Province

目的观察云南省水利血防沟道治理工程灭螺效果,为科学评价水利血防工程控制钉螺扩散提供依据。方法2009-2011年对云南省大理市和永胜县国家级血吸虫病监测点水利血防沟道治理工程区域开展螺情调查,并收集该区域血防历史资料,分析比较工程建设前后螺情变化。结果 3年间大理市沙井水利血防沟道治理工程硬化段仅2010年查到1只钉螺,活螺密度为0.004只/0.1 m^2,未硬化段钉螺密度分别为0.080、0.002、0.007只/0.1 m^2。3年间永胜县高家村水利血防沟道治理工程硬化段未查出钉螺,未硬化段活螺密度分别为0.040、0.030、0.040只/0.1 m^2。两地沟渠硬化后,连续3年未发现感染性钉螺,有螺框出现率和活螺密度呈逐年下降趋势,而同期邻近的未硬化环境有螺框出现率和活螺密度均高于硬化环境。结论水利血防工程对消灭钉螺有明显效果,但工程竣工后,应加强维护。

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydraulic schistosomiasis control project with ditches managed on Oncomelania hupensis snail control.Methods From 2009 to 2011,the snail investigations and schistosomiasis surveillance were carried out in Dali City and Yongsheng County,two sites of national schistosomiasis surveillance.The history data of schistosomiasis control were collected and analyzed.Results At the harden sections of the water conservancy project with ditches managed in Shajing Village of Dali City,only one snail was found in 2010 with the density of living snails of 0.004 snails/0.1 m^2,while the densities of living snails were respectively 0.080,0.002 snails/0.1 m^2 and 0.007 snails/0.1 m^2 in unhardened sections of the project from 2009 to 2011.No snails were found in the harden sections of the water conservancy project with ditches managed in Gaojiacun Village of Yongsheng County,while the densities of living snails were respectively 0.040,0.030 snails/0.1 m^2 and 0.040snails/0.1 m^2 in unhardened sections of the project from 2009 to 2011.After the ditches were hardened,no infected snails were found from 2009 to 2011,and the appearance rate of frames with snails and density of living snails were both decreased,while they were both higher in unhardened ditches.Conclusion The hydraulic schistosomiasis control project has obvious effect on control snails,but the maintain work should be strengthened after the project is completed.