中美男性轻重度饮酒者酒精主观反应的对照研究

THE DIFFERENCE IN SUBJECTIVE RESPONSES TO ALCOHOL BETWEEN HEAVY AND LIGHT MALE SOCIAL DRINKERS IN CHINA AND AMERICA

目的:比较中国与美国高加索白人男性重度和轻度社交饮酒者在急性饮酒后对酒精的主观反应的差异。方法:70名汉族(重度与轻度饮酒者各35人)与77名美国高加索白人(重度饮酒者45名,轻度饮酒者32名)社交饮酒者,每人进行三轮试验完成三种浓度酒饮料的任务(高浓度0.8g·kg^(-1)、低浓度0.4g/kg酒饮料与安慰剂),在饮前30 min及饮后30 min、60 min、120 min、180 min分别进行双相酒精反应问卷(BAES)、积极与消极情绪问卷(PANAS)和药物效应问卷(DEQ)。结果:所有重度饮酒者在酒后BAES的兴奋效应均显著高于轻度饮酒者,而镇静效应低于轻度饮酒者,此外汉族重度饮酒者的兴奋效应和镇静效应均高于高加索白人;高加索白人比汉族重度饮酒者表现出更高的"喜欢"、"兴奋"和"还想喝一些"(犒赏)效应。结论:急性饮酒后,重度饮酒者较轻度饮酒者表现出更高的兴奋效应、"还想喝一些"效应和更低的镇静效应,汉族受试者的兴奋效应强于高加索白人,民族间个体酒精主观反应存在着差异,不同民族的酒文化、个体酒精代谢酶等差异也许是造成这些差异的原因。

Objective：To compare the subjective responses to alcohol after acute drinking between heavy and light social drinkers in Han Chinese and Caucasian American.Methods：Seventy Han Chinese（35 heavy drinkers and 35 light drinkers） and 77 Caucasian Americans（45 heavy drinkers and 32 light drinkers） social drinkers were recruited. Each subject participated individually in three experimental sessions in which he received either of two doses alcohol（0. 4 or 0. 8 g·Kg- 1） or placebo administered in random order. Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale（ BAES）,Positive and Negative Affect Schedule（ PANAS）,Drug Effects Questionnaire（ DEQ） were administered at predrink baseline approximately 30 minutes prior to the drink interval and repeated 30,60,120,180 minutes in all subjects after the initial alcohol beverage consumption respectively.Result：Compared with Light drinkers,all Heavy drinkers exhibited more stimulant- like effect and lower sedation effect after alcohol consumption. Moreover Han Chinese heavy drinkers exhibited both more stimulation and more sedation effect than Caucasian Americanheavy drinkers. Caucasian American heavy drinkers exhibited more ＂like＂、＂High＂and ＂Want more＂effect compared with Han drinkers.Conclusion：The heavy drinkers exhibited higher stimulant- like effect and ＂want more＂and less sedation effect after acute consumption alcohol than light drinkers,and Han Chinese heavy drinkers were higher on stimulation effect than Caucasian American drinkers. The difference in drinking culture across ethnics and individual different genetic polymorphisms related to alcohol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may be important factors that devote to different subjective responses to alcohol.