理解马克思经济学的社会异化观:学术地位、主要内容及现实意义

Understanding the View of Social Alienation in Marx 's Economics: Its Academic Status, Main Content and Realistic Significance

异化观思维是马克思学说和马克思经济学的重要方法论特色,尽管马克思学说的主要关注因适应社会形势发展而出现由解构到建构的变动,对异化的评价标准也出现由道德优先到历史优先的转换。马克思将社会中出现的包括人性以及人与人之间关系等在内的各种异化都归结为劳动的异化,而劳动的异化根本上体现为劳动客体外在于劳动主体,这典型地出现在分工日益深化的社会化生产中。显然,马克思经济学的社会异化观具有重大理论和现实意义,它便于我们理解和发现现代商业社会和市场经济中的具体问题,也有助于我们从逻辑前提和逻辑关系两方面对现代主流经济学加以审视。

Alienation thinking is an important methodological characteristics of Marx 's theory and Marx's economics,though the main concern of Marx's theory changed from deconstruction to reconstruction to adapt to the devel-opment of social situation, and the evaluation criteria of alienation altered from moral priority to historical precedence.Marx attributed all varieties of alienation in society, including the alienation of humanity and inter-personal relations, and that of labor etc. Generally, the alienation of labor typically embodied that the labor object is external to subject, which typically grows in social production with the course of deepening labor-division. Obviously, the view of social alienation of Marx 's economics has important theoretical and practical signif-icance, because it helps us to understand and discover the specific social problems embedded in modern com-mercial society and market economy, and helps us to re-examine modern mainstream economics from two aspects of logic premise and reasoning.