道的拓展与文的突破——乾隆帝《开惑论》分析

An Analysis on Emperor Qianlong's Kaihuolun

乾隆帝统一新疆后,撰写了《开惑论》。依据史料,《开惑论》中所谓"浮议"有确切史实,乾隆帝此文不仅是对用兵新疆否决意见的一次总反驳,还体现了对治道的拓展。乾隆帝站在正义的高度,表明自己能够建立超迈祖上功绩的原因在于"天眷"。乾隆帝《开惑论》不仅掌握了话语权,而且颠覆了历史上士人对开疆拓土的批评。乾隆帝一方面重视史实的叙述,一方面强调思想的阐述,这样就突破了赋的外在形式特点,造成《开惑论》有别于传统的赋体。乾隆帝通过《开惑论》,重新建构并维系了中国疆域观与多民族国家观。从这个意义上讲,《开惑论》确实起到了祛疑与开惑的作用。

After unified Xinjiang,Emperor Qianlong wrote Kaihuolun. This paper points out that the socalled floating discussion in Kaihuolun had precise historical facts,Emperor Qianlong＇s article was not only to retort the veto,but also embodied the development of governance. Emperor Qianlong stood at the height of justice,indicated that he could build the achievements surpassing his ancestors＇ because of God＇s bless.Emperor Qianlong not only mastered the voice,but also subverted scholars＇ criticism on territory expansion. On the one hand Emperor Qianlong attached great importance to the historical narrative,on the other hand he emphasized on thought elaboration,which made Kaihuolun break through the boundary of Fu. In Kaihuolun,Emperor Qianlong constructed and maintained the concept of China＇s territory and multi-ethnic national outlook. In this sense,Emperor Qianlong＇ article removed some popular doubts and brought enlightment.