诗学视野下的朱陆思想分歧论

On the Poetic Debate and Divergence between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan

朱陆异同是学界长期关注的一个议题。朱陆诗学思想体现了哲学分歧在文学审美领域的延伸。从文道观来看,朱熹认为文道既为一体又各有分际,而陆九渊则强调文道在本质上的圆融一体性,这实际上反映了理本体与心本体对本末关系的认知差异;从诗学观来看,朱熹融诗教于诗情,笃实守正,而陆九渊倡扬诗学个性,宽容新变,这与心性论的二元、一元划分不无关联;在以诗论道的层面,朱陆论学诗的内容则直接反映了读书穷理与务立本心的工夫论鸿沟。此外,朱陆诗歌美学对于儒家理想典范人格的推崇重点不同,也显示出朱陆德性践履思想的差异。

The similarities and dissimilarities between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan is a perennially hot topic in academia. The poetics thoughts of Zhu and Lu embodied their philosophical disagreements in the literary aesthetic. From the view of literature and ethic,Zhu Xi emphasized the boundary while Lu Jiuyuan underlined the fusions,reflecting the cognitive diversity about their ontology. From the view of poetics,Zhu Xi integrated poem education with aesthetic emotion and held a careful and precise attitude,while Lu Jiuyuan advocated individuality and variation,which connected with the monism or dualism of mind-nature theory. On the poetic level,the content of their poems directly corresponded to the differences in the learning ways between the NeoConfucianism and the mind theory. Furthermore,their poetic aesthetics focused on the different aspects about the ideal personality of Confucianism,which also reflected the difference of practice spirit between Zhu and Lu.