日本弃老传说“姨舍山”考辨——以日本有关民俗研究成果为基础

On the Legend of “Obasuteyama”in Japan

日本弃老传说"姨舍山"的故事从口承文艺到文学创作,以其神秘而强大的生命力成为日本文学中横亘古今的母题。根据日本民俗学的研究成果和相关的文献记载,对"姨舍山"的类型、起源、演变、社会传承思想等进行梳理总结,发现日本的"姨舍山"本质上是一个促使人们敬老爱老的传说。这不仅具有重要的文学研究价值,也暗合了当今老龄化社会科学对待老年群体的人性需要,具有重要的社会现实意义。

The legend of Obasuteyama in Japan which is famous for the abandonment of the aged has become a perpetual motif with a mysterious and powerful vitality from oral culture to literature creation.According to the results of Japanese folklore studies and related literature,this paper sorts out and summarizes the type,origin,evolution,and other social heritage of ＂Obasuteyama ＂,and reveals that the Japanese＂Obasuteyama＂is a legend which impel people to respect and love the aged. It has not only an important literary research value,but also implies the scientific treatment methods in human needs of the aged groups,meanwhile,it has a special and important practical value in aging society nowadays.