菏泽市2009～2014年手足口病流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Heze city from 2009 to 2014

目的了解菏泽市手足口病的流行特征,为制定手足口病防治措施提供依据。方法从国家疾病报告管理信息系统中将2009~2014年菏泽市手足口病网络直报信息导出,运用描述性统计学方法进行分析。结果 2009~2014年共报告手足口病病例50141例,年均发病率为99.17/10万,年平均发病率为男性129.97/10万,女性67.66/10万,男性显著高于女性,重症2498例,重症率为4.98%。发病集中在3~7月,菏泽市八县一区均有病例报告,居于前三位的是牡丹区、曹县和东明,不同年份间发病率有统计学差异,各县区当年发病率也不同,有统计学差异。男33 224例,女16 917例,男女性别比为1.96∶1,5岁以下儿童为主（占97.14%）,其中大部分是散居儿童（占95.47%）。2009~2014年共检测阳性标本2050例,占报告其中EV71有1229例,占阳性病例总数的89.95%,Cox A16有417例,占20.34%,其他肠道病毒404例,占19.71%。结论菏泽市近几年发病率较高,应加强疫情监测,防控工作的重点为散居儿童。

Objective To know about the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Heze to provide references for making preventive measures for hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Direct network reports of hand-foot-mouth disease in Heze from 2009 to 2014 were collected from National Disease Supervision Information Management System and they were analyzed by the method of descriptive statistics. Results In 2009 to 2014, there were 50141 cases of reported hand-foot-mouth disease. The annual average incidence rate was 99.17/100 000. The annual average incidence rates of males and females were 129.97/100 000 and 67.66/100 000 respectively and the rate of males was significantly higher than that of females. There were 2498 severe cases and the rate of severe cases was 4.98%. Incidence achieved the peak from March to July. There were reported cases in eight counties and one district of Heze city and top three were Mudan district, Caoxian country and Dongming country. Incidences of different years had statistical differences. In addition, incidences of each county in the same year were different and there were statistical differences. There were 33 224 cases of males and 16 917 cases of females and the sex ratio was 1.96：1. Children under the age of five years took the largest part, accounting for 97.14%. Of whom, scattered children were the main part, accounting for 95.47%.Positive samples from 2009 to 2014 were detected and reported. Of which, there were 1229 EV71 cases accounting for 89.95%, 417 Cox A16 cases accounting for 20.34% and 404 cases of other enteroviruses accounting for 19.71%. Conclusion The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease was high in Heze in recent years. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of epidemic, especially scattered children.