相互竞争对栽培稻和杂草稻形态特性的影响

Mutual Competition Affecting the Morphological Characteristics of Cultivated Rice and Weedy Rice

采用盆栽试验研究杂草稻和栽培稻相互竞争对各自形态特征的影响,杂草稻和栽培稻按照2:1和1:2的比例各自插植在同一盆中,以单独插植杂草稻和栽培稻的处理为对照,分别测定他们的分蘖数、株高、叶片长宽、干物质积累和根系性状。结果显示:杂草稻与栽培稻的竞争对栽培稻‘沈农265’的株高、叶片形态影响不大,使分蘖数、干物质积累和根系性状显著降低;杂草稻与栽培稻的竞争对杂草稻‘WR04-12’的分蘖数、株高、叶片形态、干物质积累和根系性状都略有增加,但没有达到显著水平;另外,在同一生育时期,杂草稻‘WR04-12’的分蘖数、株高和根系性状都比栽培稻‘沈农265’高,处于竞争中的优势地位,而栽培稻受杂草稻的遮挡,处于劣势地位。因此,杂草稻和栽培稻相互竞争限制了栽培稻‘沈农265’的生长和干物质的积累,造成栽培稻‘沈农265’减产。

The pot experiment was used to study the effect of mutual competition on the morphology characteristics of cultivated rice and weedy rice. Weedy rice and cultivated rice were planted in the same basin, in accordance with the ratio of 2：1 and 1：2, respectively, and treatments in which weedy rice orcultivated rice was planted alone in one basin were used as control. Tiller numbers, plant height, leaf lengthand width, dry matter accumulation and root traits of weedy rice and cultivated rice were measured. The resultsshowed that the plant height and leaf morphological characteristics were less affected, but the tiller numbers,dry matter accumulation and root traits of the cultivated rice‘Shennong 265＇were negatively and significantlyaffected because of the competition of weedy rice and cultivated rice. The tiller numbers, plant height, leafmorphological characteristics, dry matter accumulation and root traits of the weedy rice‘WR04- 12＇wereincreased or improved under the competition, but did not reach the significant level. In addition, the tillernumbers, plant height and root traits of weedy rice‘WR04- 12＇were higher or better than those of thecultivated rice‘Shennong 265＇in the same growth period, so the weedy rice‘WR04- 12＇occupied theadvantageous position in the competition, while the cultivated rice was in disadvantageous position shaded by weedy rice. Therefore, the competition of weedy rice and cultivated rice limited the growth and dry matter accumulation of the cultivated rice‘Shennong 265＇, and led to yield reduction.