小麦-玉米轮作一体化保护栽培期间土壤微生物群落变化

Soil Microflora Change During Integrated Protection Cultivation of Wheat-maize Rotation

以不同保护栽培方式和不同种植年限间小麦-玉米根际土壤为研究对象,对土壤微生物细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和多样性进行分析。采用微生物平板分离计数,SPSS统计学软件分析小麦玉米不同时期及5年间多样性指数变化。结果表明:小麦玉米轮作根际微生物数量变化与他们生长发育呈正相关,一体化保护栽培结果显示翻耕有利于增加细菌和放线菌数量,旋耕真菌数量显著增加,深松有利于减少真菌数量,覆盖秸秆有助于微生物数量的增加。微生物多样性指数受到小麦玉米长期轮作影响,导致微生物群落不均逐渐减少,但在轮作第5年小麦拔节期和玉米苗期微生物多样性指数升高。

The authors analyzed the quantity and diversity of soil microbe such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in wheat- maize rotation rhizosphere soil under different protection cultivation patterns andplanting years. The diversity indices at different growth stages of wheat and maize in 5 years were analyzed bythe methods of plate counting and SPSS statistical software. The results showed that microbial populations inthe rhizosphere soil were positively correlated with the growth of wheat and maize. The results of integratedprotection cultivation showed that tillage could increase the population bacteria and actinomycetes, whilerotary tillage could increase the population of fungi, deep scarification could reduce fungi population, and strawmulching could increase the amount of microbial biomass. Long-term rotation of wheat and maize resulted inthe gradual decrease and uneven distribution of microflora and affected microbial diversity index.Nevertheless, the microbial diversity index increased in the fifth year during wheat jointing period and maize seedling stage.