日本食品安全规制治理评析——基于多中心治理理论

An Analysis of Japan's Regulation and Governance on Food Safety:Based on the Theory of Multi- Center Governance

日本食品安全规制治理呈现多中心治理格局:政府层面的规制机构是农林水产省与厚生劳动省,食品安全委员会作为监督规制者的机构,进行食品安全的风险评估,并监管农林水产省与厚生劳动省的工作;日本相关行业协会,如农协和生协,协助政府制定规制政策,成为政府与消费者之间沟通的桥梁;日本企业具有较强的社会责任感,在道德与社会压力下,自我规制效果良好;日本消费者作为日本食品安全的体验者与监督者,拥有多种信息获取与诉求渠道。通过对日本食品安全规制治理结构的考察,可以发现,多中心治理格局的出现需要政府设置有效的规制机构,需要同其他社会组织广泛开展合作,为消费者提供有效的诉求渠道,同时企业自身的道德自律也非常重要。

Japanese food safety regulation presents multi - center governance structure. The regulatory agency for government is ＂ the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries＂ and ＂ the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare＂. The responsibilities that Japan＇s Food Safety Commission should take in- clude supervising regulators, assessing risk, monitoring MAFF and MHLW. Japanese associations, such as Japan Agricultural Co - operatives and Japanese Consumers＂ Co - operative Union（JCCU） , as- sist in the development of government regulation policies and serve as a communication bridge between the government and consumers. Japanese enterprises have strong sense of social responsibility, and work well on self- regulation under the moral and social pressure. As experiencers and supervisors on food safety, Japanese consumers have many kinds of channels to acquire information and to complain. Through the study,we seize what the structure of Japan＇s regulation and governance on food safety is like. We also hold the view that multi - center governance structure requires the government to set up effective regulatory agency. In addition, it also requires other social organizations to cooperate with each other in a wide range of areas to provide consumers with effective channels to appeal. Last but not least, individual moral self - discipline of any enterprise plays a key role in Japan＇s food safety regulation.