SATⅡ物理试卷与上海高考物理卷中电磁学考题的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Electromagnetism Questions between SAT ⅡPhysical Examination and Shanghai Entrance Examination

本文从试题难度、内容侧重点、题型结构、评价体系方面比较研究了近五年来,上海高考物理试卷和美国SATⅡ物理试卷中的电磁学部分试题,发现了中美两国对电磁学在物理学科大学入学考试中的权重以及知识点分配上存在差异。两种考卷中电磁学部分都侧重于考查电场方面的知识,分值比例相近,美国SATⅡ物理试卷中电磁学部分在电路方面知识考查的分值比例远远超过了磁场;而上海高考卷物理科目电磁学部分在磁场这部分的分值比例超过了电路部分的分值比例。上海高考物理卷电磁学部分不论是总体难度,还是单个试题的难度均超过美国的SATⅡ物理试卷,但忽略了用物理原理解决实际问题的能力。

This paper presents a comparative study on the electromagnetism questions between college entrance examination of Shanghai（CEES）and SAT Ⅱ physics test in the last five years,including difficulty of questions,content emphasis,test structure and evaluation criteria. It is found that the weight and the distribution of knowledge are different in two examinations. The questions of electric fields are similar in both examinations,however,SAT Ⅱ focus on the electric circuit while the CEES puts emphasis on magnetic fields. In general,the difficulty of CEES exceeds SAT Ⅱ,however,the problem-solving ability has been neglected in the CEES.