实习前后护生健康行为自我效能和健康促进生活方式的比较与分析

The comparison analysis about nurse students' health-promoting lifestyle and health self-efficacy before and after clinical practice

[目的]探讨临床实习对护生健康行为自我效能和健康促进生活方式的影响,为开展健康促进活动、促进其身心健康提供依据。[方法]采用健康行为自我效能量表和健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(HPL-Ⅱ)对2013年12月—2014年12月在安徽省立医院实习的528名护理专业学生进行调查。[结果]实习后护生的健康促进生活方式总分(73.74分±6.41分)高于实习前护生的健康促进生活方式总分(72.12分±7.32分),各维度中高于实习前水平的有自我实现、职业安全、均衡饮食、人际支持发展维度,运动保健维度低于实习前水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实习后护生的健康行为自我效能总分(82.97分±10.52分)高于实习前健康行为自我效能总分(77.16分±10.87分),各维度中高于实习前水平的维度有健康责任、心理安适、营养,而运动维度低于实习前水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]临床实习可提高护生的健康促进生活方式和健康行为自我效能水平,但是护生的运动锻炼是医院管理者需要关注的方面。

Objective： To discuss the nursing students＇clinical practice effects on health selfefficacy and health - promoting lifestyle,in order to provide evidence for caring out health promotion activities and promoting their physical and mental health.Methods. 528 undergraduate nurse students who were practicing at Anhui province hospitals in December 2013 to December 2014 were questionnaire by the scales of health self - efficacy and health - promoting lifestyle （HPL -II ）. Results： The total score of healthpromoting lifestyle （73.74 ± 6.41 ） in nurse student after clinical practice is higher than before（72.12±7.32）.Scores of four dimensions including self- actual- ization, safety of working place, balanced diet, and interpersonal support are significantly （P 〈0.01） higher than those before clinical practice, except exercise. After clinical practice,the total score of health selfefficacy （82.97± 10.52） in nurse student is higher than before （77.16±10.87）. The scores of three dimensions including health responsibility, psychological well- being, and nutrition are significantly （P〈0.01） higher than those before clinical practice, except exercise. Conclusion. Clinical practice can improve the health promoting lifestyle and health behavior selfefficacy of nursing students, while for the hospital managers, there need more attention on the nursing students ＇ exercise.