本地非农就业、外出务工与中国农村收入不平等

ECONOMIC TRANSITION,THE CHANGES OF HOUSEHOLD EMPLOYMENT,AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN RURAL CHINA

随着巨大的经济和社会变革,中国的收入不平等程度发生了巨大变化。依据CHIP家庭微观调查1988—2007年的数据,使用基尼系数分解以及非参数分解等多种方法,本文试图对本地非农就业、外出务工等不同类型的家庭从业模式与农村收入不平等的关系进行较为全面的探讨。研究得出了一些有价值的结论:首先,从整体的收入分布来看,早期的农村地区的发展更多伴随着不平等程度提高,而后期经济增长则带来更多福利改善;其次,家庭主要非农收入来源是本地非农就业,外出务工所得具有缩小收入差距的作用,而本地非农就业则具有扩大作用,随着时间推移其作用程度也有所改变;最后,经济增长成果惠及不同群体,但并非平均分配,不同群体获益情况不同,增长和不平等通过作用于不同类型家庭影响到最终的收入分布。

The period of dramatic economic and social reform coincided with a period of increasing inequality in China.By drawing on the data from the Chinese Household Income Project（CHIP）from 1989to2007,this paper examines the different impacts of both kinds of rural labor mobility,say,rural-to-urban migration and local off-farm work,on rural inequality.Using Gini index decomposition and non-parametric kernel density decomposition method,we got some valuable conclusions.First,the economic development in the rural area coincided with more rise in inequality before 1995 and more growth after 1995.Second,local off-farm employment is the main source of the household non-agriculture income,which tends to increase income disparities,while migration has egalitarian effects on rural income.Finally,economic growth does not equally benefit all the subgroups,and different subgroups contribute to the different parts of the whole density change.