加氢固定床反应器催化剂密相装填与安全控制

Hydrogenation of Fixed Bed Reactor Catalyst Dense Phase Loading and Safety Control

随着炼油技术的进步,催化反应器大型化、标准化、强度化的发展趋势,固定床固体催化剂的装填技术及装填设备越来越成为反应器热效率、压力降的重要影响因素。催化剂装填质量的好坏,不仅影响催化剂的填装量,而且直接影响到装置的处理量,致使技术经济指标下降。更重要的是,如果催化剂在装填过程中因技术短板或操作导致疏密不均,很容易造成物料"短路"或床层下降,从而导致反应器内物料和温度分布不均匀,物料与催化剂接触时间不均匀,反应器压力降不均匀等现象,严重影响了产品质量与催化剂寿命。因此催化剂装填的核心就是实现催化剂的均匀装填,提高装填密度和装填效率。文章以华北某加氢固定床反应器催化剂装填为背景,简述了普通装填方法与现有密相装填的设备和方法,并将两种装填方法的优缺点进行了分析论述。最后,针对装填操作安全以及装填效果保障的行为控制进行了叙述。

With the development of oil refining technology, the development trend of large-scale, standardization and strength of the catalytic reactor, the filling technology of fixed bed solid catalyst and filling equipment are becoming more and more important factors affecting the thermal efficiency and pressure drop. Catalyst loading quality is good or bad, not only affects the catalyst filling quantity, but also directly affects the processing capacity of the unit, resulting in technical and economic index decreased. More important is, if the catalyst in the filling process due to technical short board or operation in density, it is easy to cause material ＂short circuit＂ or bed layer decreased, resulting in the reactor materials and temperature distribution is not uniform, non-uniform material and catalyst contact time, reactor pressure drop uneven phenomenon, serious impact on the product quality and service life of the catalyst. So the core of the catalyst loading is to realize the uniform loading of catalyst, improve the filling density and filling efficiency. In the paper, a new method for the loading of a fixed bed reactor with hydrogen in North China is described. The advantages and disadvantages of the conventional loading method and the existing dense phase loading method are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are analyzed. Finally, the behavior control of the loading operation safety and the loading effect is described.