家庭环境因素对儿童青少年幸福感的影响

The familial environmental impact factors of adolescent well-being

目的分析家庭环境因素对儿童青少年幸福感的影响。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取江苏、河南、陕西3省家有未成年子女（9-18岁）的家庭,以问卷调查方式对家庭中的家长和子女,从家庭基本情况、家长和子女的健康相关行为、健康知识和技能以及幸福感问答等方面分别进行调查。结果本次研究共调查712户家庭,儿童青少年健康调查的有效问卷为701份,有效回收率为98.46%。家庭健康调查问卷的有效问卷有697份,有效回收率为97.89%。被调查的儿童青少年总体幸福感较强,701人中有652人（93%）表示很幸福或比较幸福。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：家庭经济条件、家长幸福感、亲子关系、子女自感健康状态、对教育的满意度和心理健康是影响儿童青少年幸福感的重要因素。贫困户/低保户的子女幸福感比不是贫困户/低保户的子女幸福感低（OR=0.208,95%CI：0.082-0.531）,与父母在老家生活的儿童青少年比跟随父母在外地生活的幸福感强（OR=4.838,95%CI：1.275-18.353）,家长幸福感强,子女的幸福感也强（OR=2.742,95%CI：1.183-6.357）,与父母关系好的儿童青少年幸福感比亲子关系不好的幸福感强（OR=8.941,95%CI：3.402-23.501）,对教育满意度高的儿童青少年幸福感强（OR=3.175,95%CI：1.296-7.778）,自感健康状况良好的儿童青少年幸福感强（OR=2.270,95%CI：1.171-6.316）,从没有焦虑和抑郁状况的儿童青少年比经常出现焦虑和抑郁状况的儿童青少年幸福感强（OR=5.246,95%CI：2.194-12.543）。结论家庭环境对儿童青少年幸福感有影响,儿童青少年的幸福感和家长幸福感、自身健康状况、焦虑和抑郁状态等因素相关。

Objective To understand the status and its familial influencing factors of adolescent well-being.Methods Using stratified multistage and random sampling method,the families with adolescence（ 9-18 years old） from Jiangsu,Henan and Shaanxi were investigated with the questionnaire about the familial base situation,the parents and children＇s health behavior,their knowledge and skill about health and apperceive of well-being. Results 712 families were investigated,701 valid questionnaires about adolescent health and 697 valid questionnaires about familial healthy were analyzed,and the valid rate was 98. 46% and 97. 89%. The results of monitoring showed that 652（ 93%） adolescent well-being. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the family economic status,parents＇ well-being,parenthood,the children＇s self-perception about well-being and mental health were the influencing factors associated with adolescent well-being. The well-being perception of the children from needy families was lower than the ones from other families（ OR = 0. 208,95% CI： 0. 082-0. 531）. The well-being perception of the children living in hometown with parents was stronger than the ones living in other places with parents（ OR = 4. 838,95% CI： 1. 275-18. 353）. The more well-being the parents perceived,the stronger well-being the children had（ OR = 2. 742,95% CI： 1. 183-6. 357）. The well-being perception of children having good parent-child relationship was stronger than the ones lacking good relations with parents（ OR = 8. 941,95% CI： 3. 402-23. 501）. The children were good educated had better well-being perception（ OR = 3. 175,95% CI：1. 296-7. 778）. The children having better self-estimated healthy condition had better well-being perception（ OR = 2. 270,95% CI： 1. 171-6. 316）. The children having no anxiety and depression had more well-being perception than the ones often felt anxious and depressed（ OR = 5. 246,95% CI： 2. 194-12. 543）. Conclusion The familial environment was an impact on juveniles＇ well-being. Adolescent well-being is related to their parents＇ happiness,the children＇s self-perception about well-being,anxiety and depression.