2014年北京市怀柔区居民健康素养现状调查

A status survey on health literacy status of residents in Huairou District of Beijing in 2014

目的了解北京市怀柔区居民现阶段的健康素养水平,为怀柔区政府制定卫生政策和干预策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取怀柔区16个镇乡的3120名15-69岁常住人口,进行健康素养现状调查。结果北京市怀柔区居民健康素养水平为6.56%,基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能3方面素养水平分别为9.88%、6.67%和15.92%;7类健康问题素养水平由高到低依次为科学健康观（38.84%）、安全与急救（32.63%）、传染病预防素养（27.76%）、基本医疗（18.17%）、信息的获取、理解与应用（9.84%）、慢性病预防素养（5.48%）、日常保健（2.53%）;平原地区健康素养水平高于山区,男性低于女性,20-29、50-59、60-69岁3个年龄段的健康素养水平较高,初中及以下文化程度的具备健康素养水平低于高中及以上文化程度者,医务人员具备健康素养水平最高、教师次之、农民具备健康素养水平较低,不同的地区、性别、年龄组、文化程度、职业人群健康素养水平差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论北京市怀柔区居民健康素养水平较低,需要建立完善的居民健康素养监测体系,并针对不同人群实施特定健康素养干预活动。

Objective To investigate the health literacy status of residents in Huairou District of Beijing,and to provide the scientific basis for the government developing health policies and intervention strategies in Huairou District.Methods 3120 resident population aged from 15 to 69 years old from 16 towns in Huairou District were selected by multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Results The Huairou District residents＇ health literacy level was 6. 56%,the health literacy contains the basic knowledge and concepts,the healthy lifestyle and behavior and basic skills three aspects,and the literacy level respectively were 9. 88%,6. 67% and 15. 92%. The literacy levels of seven kinds of health problems from high to low in turn were health science view（ 38. 84%）,safety and first aid（ 32. 63%）,infectious disease prevention literacy（ 27. 76%）,basic medical（ 18. 17%）,information acquisition,comprehension and application（ 9. 84%）,chronic disease prevention literacy（ 5. 48%）,daily health care（ 2. 53%）. The health literacy levels of resident in plain area were higher than that in mountains,and the health literacy levels of women were higher than that in men. The health literacy level of the residents in 20-29,50-59 and 60-69 three age groups were higher than the other age groups. The health literacy level of junior middle school and lower educational level residents is lower than that of high school and higher educational level residents. The medical personnel had the highest level of health literacy,teachers second,the health literacy level of farmers was the lowest. The health literacy of different areas,gender,age,culture level and professional people showed statistically significant differences（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The level of health literacy of residents in Huairou District of Beijing was still low,and needed to establish a perfect surveillance system of residents＇ health literacy,and to implement specific health literacy intervention activities for different people.