工艺与微量元素对镍基合金焊接热影响区液化裂纹影响的研究进展

Progress on Effect of Processes and Microelements on Liquation Cracking of Weld Heat-affected Zone of Nickel-based Alloy

镍基合金因其优异的耐高温和耐腐蚀性,广泛地应用在航空航天、核电及海洋采油等行业。基于镍基合金的重要性,研究其焊接热影响区(Heat-affected zone,HAZ)液化裂纹问题对于促进该问题的解决具有重要意义。焊接工艺的好坏直接影响到镍基合金焊接性能,是导致其HAZ液化裂纹的重要因素之一。采用热处理工艺,可以获得预期的组织和性能,以降低液化裂纹敏感性。同时,合金母材中微量元素影响晶界非平衡偏析行为,会导致HAZ液化裂纹的产生。从焊接工艺、热处理工艺及微量元素三个方面综述镍基合金焊接HAZ液化裂纹的最新进展,并对液化裂纹的测试方法进行总结,对未来的研究趋势进行展望。

Nickel-based alloy with excellent high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, has been widely applied to aerospace, nuclear power and offshore oil industry. Based on the importance of nickel-based alloy, studying the liquation cracking of weld heat-affected zone（HAZ） is of great significance to resolve the above problem. Welding process has a direct influence on welding performance of nickel-based alloy, so it is one of the important factors to lead to HAZ liquation cracking. By heat treatment processes, the susceptibility to liquation cracking can be reduced because of expected microstructure and properties obtained. Meanwhile, the microelements in base metal affect the non-equilibrium segregation behavior of grain boundaries, so it can leads to the generation of HAZ liquation cracking. The progress on liquation cracking of weld heat-affected zone of nichel-based alloy are reviewed from welding processes, heat treatment processes and micro-elements, and the test method of liquation cracking is summarized. The future research trends are prospected.