毛乌素沙地水肥耦合对玉米的生长发育及产量的影响

Impact of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Growth and Yields of Maize in Maowusu Sandy Area

通过对毛乌素沙地大田玉米在不同水肥耦合处理下的生长发育、产量以及水分生产率响应的研究,表明:各生育期水分亏缺均会抑制玉米生长,导致株高、茎粗和叶面积指数减小。充分灌溉+高肥处理的株高、茎粗和叶面积指数均优于其他处理;同一施肥处理水平下,随着受旱时期的推移,产量表现为充分灌溉>灌浆期受旱>苗期受旱>拔节期受旱>抽雄期受旱,其中抽雄期受旱减产最多,高、中、低3种施肥处理,抽雄期受旱的减产率分别为27.37%、25.78%、45.88%。而同一施肥处理水平下玉米拔节期受旱水分生产率最高,苗期次之,其中拔节期受旱+中肥处理水分生产率最高,达到了2.61kg/m3。综合分析各处理的产量和水分生产率,提出毛乌素沙地玉米节水高产水肥适宜调控指标。

The study on the effects of various water-fertilizer coupling modes on the growth,yields and water productivity efficiency of maize is conducted.The results indicate that：the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index are restrained by water stress in all growth periods;the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area index of the high fertilizer and full irrigation treatment are superior to those of other treatments.Under identical fertilization condition,with the processing of drought period,the corresponding yield shows a trend of declining firstly and then increasing.However,the yield of the full irrigation treatment is the largest.Generally,the yield reduction rate at tasseling stage is the highest,which is 27.37%,25.78% and 45.88%,respectively,for high,medium and low fertilizer treatment.For the same fertilizer level,the water productivity efficiency of the treatment with water stress at tasseling stage is the highest.It reaches the highest value of 2.61kg/m^3 for the treatment of water stress at tasseling stage with middle fertilizer.Through a comprehensive analysis of yields and water productivity efficiency,the suitable water and fertilizer controlling parameters for Maize in Maowusu sandy area are attained aiming at saving water and gaining high yields.