“去怕七洲,回怕昆仑”解

Research on “When Goes,Be Alert to Qizhou; When Returns,Be Vigilant to Kunlun”

从南宋吴自牧《梦粱录》中开始记载航海谚语"去怕七洲,回怕昆仑"后,直到清末,它一直是航海家恪守的航海要诀。过往史地专家大多局限于对"七洲"地望的考证,而疏于对其航海本意的理解。论题以航海针路簿和舆地图为证,确认航海谚语中的"七洲洋"是东海南岛北方海域中的七洲列岛,从《顺风相送》、《东西洋考》和《指南正法》等更路簿中寻找答案提出了解读"去怕七洲、回怕昆仑"的正确方法。经过相关文献比对和现代海洋科学研究结果的引入,认为七洲洋海域存在的异常潮汐现象和由此引起的琼州海峡中周期性的潮流现象,使得这片海域成为帆船航海的危险海区,这是产生"去怕七洲,回怕昆仑"航海谚语的本因,也就是它的谜底。

In the Southern Song Dynasty,Wu Zimu recorded a navigation proverb in his works Meng Liang Lu,that is ＂When goes,be alert to Qizhou; when returns,be vigilant to Kunlun＂. This proverb used to be the navigators＇ guideline till the end of the Qing Dynasty. For a long time,historians and geologists limited their research on the location of Qizhou but neglected the study of its navigation essence. This paper presents Zhen Lu Bu（ Notes on Voyage Route） and ancient map of China as evidences to confirm that Qizhou in the proverb refers in particular to the Qizhou Islets in the North Sea of Hainan Island. The paper also explains the meaning of ＂When goes,be alert to Qizhou; when returns,be vigilant to Kunlun ＂ by finding answers from Zhen Lu Bu like Shun Feng Xiang Song（ Voyage with A Tail Wind）,Dong Xi Yang Kao（ Studies on the ocean of the East and the West）,and Zhi Nan Zheng Fa（ Handbook of Compass）. Through a thorough comparison of relative references and introduction of modern marine science research results,the paper concludes that the abnormal tidal phenomenon at the Sea area of Qizhou and the periodical tidal current at Qiongzhou Strait caused by the previous natural phenomena caused danger in this sea area for sailing. This is the reason and the truth of this proverb.