鲔鲂F_1、F_2及其亲本肌间骨的比较分析

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERMUSCULAR BONES IN HYBRID F_1,F_2 OF(C.ALBURNUS)(♀)×(M.AMBLYCEPHALA)(♂) AND ITS PARENTS

为研究新型鲐鲂杂交鱼的肌间骨,采用常规测量和解剖法对鲌鲂F_1(female Culter alburnus Basilewsky×male Megalobrama amblycephala Yih)、鲌鲂F_2(self-crossing of F_1 hybrid offemale C.alburnus×male M.amblycephala)及其母本翘嘴鲌(C.alburnus)、父本团头鲂(M.amblycephala)肌间骨的数目、形态和分布进行统计分析,结果表明,翘嘴鲌肌间骨数目为134—139,平均为136.8根;团头鲂的肌间骨数目为121—129,平均为124.2根;鲌鲂F_1肌间骨数目为129—134,平均为131.6根;鲌鲂F_2肌间骨数目为127—134,平均为130.1根;鲐鲂F_1、F_2与翘嘴鲌、团头鲂之间肌间骨数目差异显著(P<0.05);鲌鲂F_1每一肌节所含肌间骨数目最多,为0.8024;鲌鲂F_2最少,为0.7744;翘嘴鲐和团头鲂介于鲐鲂F_1和F_2之间,分别为0.7953和0.7763。4种鱼均含有"I"形、"卜"形、"Y"形、一端多叉形、两端两分叉形、两端多叉形和树枝形7种类型肌间骨,髓弓小骨比脉弓小骨多且复杂;鱼体左右两侧肌问骨的数目不完全相等,形态也不完全对称,但较为接近,且肌间骨越靠前端,形态越复杂;研究获得的鲌鲂F_1和F_2在肌间骨总数、复杂型肌间骨数目和躯体轴下肌肌间骨数目均较母本有所减少,鲌鲂F_2较F_1还呈下降的趋势,且每一肌节所含肌间骨最少,表现出一种有利于提高食用品质和精深加工的优势。研究结果为鲐鲂属间远缘杂交培育少肌间骨新品种提供了基础资料。

To study the intermuscular bone （IB） of the new hybrid strain of （female C. alburnus） × （male M. amblycephala）, we analyzed the number, morphology, and distribution of IB in four fishes including topmouth culter （C. alburnus） （Abbr.CA）, blunt nose bream （M. amblycephaIa） （Abbr.MA）, F1 hybrid of female C. alburnus） × （male M. amblycephala ） （Abbr.H-F1） and self-crossing of F1 hybrid of （female C. alburnus） × （male M. amblycephala） （Abbr.H- F2）. The results indicated that CA had the largest number of IBs ranged from 134 to 139 （X=136.8）, and the MA has the fewest number of IB ranged from 121 to 129 （X =124.2）, and the number of IBs in H-F1 and F2 were at the middle level, which were ranged from 129 to 134 （X=131.6） and 127 to 134 （X=130.1）, respectively. The average number of IBs in H-F1, F2 and CA, MA was significant difference （P〈0.05）. The ave＇rage number of IBs were 0.8024 （H-FI）, 0.7953 （CA）, 0.7763 （MA） and 0.7744 （H-F2）. There are seven shape categories of the IBs, including non-forked （I）, one-end-unequal-hi-fork （卜）, one-end-equal-bi-fork （Y）, one-end-multi-fork, two-end-bi-fork, two-end-multi-fork and tree-branch types. The number of epineural bone was bigger and more complex than epipleural bone. The number and shape of IB were similar but not equal between the left and right sides of the body. The morphology of IBs in the anterior was more complexed than that in the posterior of the body. Compared with the maternal, all the four strains significantly reduced the total number of IBs, the average number of IBs in each sarcomere and the trunk under the axis muscle, which greatly improved the eating quality of the fish. These results imply that intergeneric hybridization of CA and MA would gain new strains with fewer IBs, high eating quality and graceful form.