HIV感染者转变为AIDS病人的时间间隔和相关影响因素分析

Analysis on related influencing factors of time interval from HIV to AIDS

[目的]了解普洱市艾滋病病毒感染者从检出至转为艾滋病病人的时间间隔和相关影响因素,为制定相关防治措施提供依据。[方法]采用回顾性研究方法,在国家"艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统"中下载普洱市1991-2011年12月31日的历史卡片,保留传染病报告卡中初始疾病状态为HIV的3248例HIV染者的相关信息,筛选出截止2011年12月31日已转为AIDS的739名HIV感染者,计算出每例HIV感染者转为AIDS病人的时间间隔(天),进行HIV感染者转为AIDS病人的时间间隔和相关影响因素分析。[结果]1991-2011年上报的3248例HIV感染者,有739例转为了AIDS,转化率为22.75%;高年龄组高于低年龄组,少数民族高于汉族,女性高于男性,母婴传播高于其它传播途径,医疗机构就诊者高于其它人群。从首次检出HIV到转为AIDS的时间间隔平均为915 d,不同的样本来源检出的HIV感染者转为AIDS病人的时间间隔相差较大,羁押人员感染者转为AIDS病人的时间最长,医疗机构就诊者和HIV阳性者配偶或性伴检测检出的HIV感染者转为AIDS病人的时间最短,高年龄组大于低年龄组,汉族大于少数民族,吸毒传播大于其它的传播途径。[结论]HIV感染者早发现并保持良好的随访依从性能延缓病程发展,HIV感染者转为AIDS病人的时间间隔与样本来源、社会人口学特征、当时疾病模式和常规诊疗水平等因素有关,提示应加强艾滋病宣传干预的力度和扩大HIV检测的覆盖面,尽可能早地发现HIV感染者和对其开展随访干预、抗病毒治疗和关怀救助等管理服务,减少二代传播和提高HIV感染者的生存质量。

Objective To understand related influencing factors of time interval from HIV- infected persons detected to AIDS patients in Puer so as to provide the basis for better caring HIV- infected persons,improving quality of life and formulating related prevention measures. Methods Used retrospective study,downloaded historical cards（ 1991 to Dec. 31 st,2011） in Puer from national＂Data information management system for prevention and control of AIDS＂. Reserved the information of 3248 HIV infected cases in initial disease status,screened 739 HIV had been transferred to AIDS up to Dec. 31 st,2011. Ccalculated interval time（ day） of each HIV to AIDS,analyzed related influencing factors of time interval from HIV to AIDS. Results 3248 cases of HIV were reported from 1991 to 2011,739 cases were transferred to AIDS,and the conversion rate was 22. 75%. Elder age group was higher than young age group,the minority nationality was higher than the Han nationality,female was higher than male,and mother- to- child transmission（ PMTCT） was higher than other transmission routes,medical institutions clients were more than other people. The average time interval from HIV to AIDS was 915 days,different sample source detection of HIV into AIDS the time interval was large,detainees was the longest,medical institutions clients and HIV- positive patients＇ spouses or sexual partners of HIV detection detected was the shortest,the high age group was higher than low age group,the Han nationality was higher than the minority nationality,and the drug spread was higher than other transmission routes. Conclusions The time interval of HIV to AIDS is related to finding early and follow- up visit The time interval from HIV to AIDS relates to sample source,social demographic characteristics,the disease pattern and the routine diagnosis and treatment level. It suggests that we should strengthen the dynamics of HIV / AIDS publicity and intervene,expand the coverage of HIV testing. As early as possible to find HIV infected person and carry out follow- up intervention,antiviral treatment and care assistance management services so as to reduce the second generation transmission and improve the quality of life to HIV infected person.