天敌瓢虫种群遗传学及其在生物防治中的应用

Population genetics of predatory ladybirds and its applications in biological control

天敌瓢虫常在农业生产的生物防治中被广泛引进和使用。这种使用过程往往会导致天敌瓢虫在遗传水平的改变,并最终影响到其生物防治的使用效果和本地生态多样性。对天敌瓢虫种群遗传学的研究,有助于我们认识甚至预测这种遗传改变的规律和生态机制,从而为生物防治计划的优化提供理论基础。本文介绍了种群遗传学的研究方法,分析在生物防治中促进天敌瓢虫遗传改变的因素,以及几种常见的天敌瓢虫种群演变情况,并讨论种群遗传学在天敌瓢虫研究的未来方向。

Predatory ladybirds are worldwide introduced for biological control uses. These processes can cause genetic changes of ladybird populations,which finally bring side effects to biological control and biodiversity. Study of population genetics of predatory ladybirds can help us to understand the patterns and ecological mechanism of such genetic changes,and thus provide theoretical basis for an optimized biological control program. In this review,we first provide an introduction of the methods used in population genetics.We then study the possible factors promoting the genetic changes of predatory ladybirds in biological control. Last,we conclude several common scenarios of population genetics in the studied ladybirds,and discuss the future direction of population genetics in the study of predatory ladybirds.